Airplane boy strikes again

Airplane boy strikes again A guest entry by Adam The blogging machine that is Mollie is running low on material right now. [Editors note: Um, by which he means that I have a test tomorrow?] So I, the gallant boyfriend, am stepping in to write the much anticipated UROP explanation thing. In my three years at MIT, Ive worked as a UROP on two research projects. Freshman and sophomore year I worked in the Aerospace Controls Labratory (ACL) and currently Im working at the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory. As many of you might have supposed, based on my infatuation with remote controlled (r/c) airplanes, both of my UROPs center around the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Some background Ive grown up around aviation. Theres a picture of me taken on the day my parents brought me home from the hospital, and in that picture right next to the bed is a model rocket. My first rattle was airplane-shaped, and for every birthday/Christmas/Groundhog Day that I can recall, Ive received something that flies. I learned to fly r/c planes when I was 7, and I attended and competed in various r/c events through junior high and high school. By the time I got to MIT, it was pretty clear what course number was going to be on my registration forms. That being said, while I didnt lack passion when I arrived on campus freshman year, I did lack organization and planning skills. [Editors note: Past tense?] So while others were attending orientation programs on how to find a UROP, I was watching Cartoon Network and trying to score free food from various student groups. Luckily fate stepped in; during one of the first days of 18.01A I met Carl 07, a fellow airplane lover from Wisconsin. When it comes to administrative stuff Carls pretty much the anti-me, so he already had like four potential course 16 UROPs lined up. Intrigued by the potential to get paid to play with airplanes, I asked Carl how he got set up, and he directed me to the departments UROP office. A couple of emails later I had a UROP, working as a technician on a fleet of UAVs. The ACL project The project that I was assigned to was working on cooperative control between multiple UAVs. Basically the idea was to have several small UAVs work together to perform a task rather than relying on one larger vehicle to do it on its own. The focus of the project was on the software required to get the aircraft working together, and so much of the testing was done in the lab using simulated aircraft. Once the software was working we would actually flight test it using several UAVs. The UAVs were comercially available r/c planes that had been modified to incorporate the autopilots that would run the cooperative control software. This is where I came in. It was my job to make the necessary airframe modifications to accept the autopilots and associated hardware. Also when we went out to flight test, I served as the test pilot and took over control of the UAVs whenever something went wrong with the software (whitch it often did). The project was a lot of fun, particularly the flight testi ng, and it introduced me to a lot of the software that Im now using in my upper level aero/astro courses. I worked with this particular research group for two years, and while when I started I was pretty much just a mechanic, by the time I left I was making some real engineering descisions that affected the path of our research. The Draper project Note: I cant tell you many specifics about my Draper job because most of the information is proprietary, but heres an overview. Last summer I got a highly desirable internship at Draper Labs, an MIT-affiliated research institute, mostly due to recommendations from my advisor at the ACL. This research group was developing an autonomous air drop vehicle to deliver precision surveillance equipment to high-risk areas. Basically they wanted to throw a small helicopter out of a cargo plane flying at 30,000 ft that would then fly itself down to a target on the ground and drop off a little camera to check up on the bad guys (this checking up on the bad guys thing is a big theme in UAV research these days). Unlike my UROP at the ACL, I was working in a much smaller group (me, my advisor, and a grad student) and I was expected to contribute more and work with a fair amount of autonomy. This was very cool because I basically got to design and fabricate the drop vehicle on my own, but it was not so cool because when things went wrong there was no one else around to blame. I spent the majority of the summer designing, bui lding, testing, crashing and then redesigning. By the end of August I had created a working demonstration vehicle that met our sponsors specifications, and the coolest part was that I had designed every part of it myself. Based on my work from the summer, my advisor asked me to stay on the project through the school year. Currently were working on our second-generation vehicle and applying for more grant money, which I hope that we receive so Ill have a job for the summer. I wish I could show some of our flight test videos, but Id rather not go to prison. Questions by Mollie 1. Im glad everybody was reassured by hearing about the sources of help that are available to MIT students. I remember exactly how it felt to be a prefrosh I was all oh god, everybody at MIT is going to be smarter than me and Im going to fail and I AM SO SCARED. Pretty much everybody feels that way. (And actually, the people who dont feel that way are probably in for a somewhat rude awakening come next October if you come in prepared to be the most amazing #1 person at MIT, it can be kind of a shock when you realize youre not. So I think its better to be a little nervous, although I do promise youll all be fine!) 2. Kristin asked Do MIT students take placement tests at the beginning of freshman year? And what was the biggest academic challenge youve encountered at MIT? You will have to take a very short math diagnostic test over the summer, but it doesnt impact much if you do poorly, youll just be advised to take 8.01L, which is a more drawn-out version of physics. You finish the class over IAP rather than at finals time. Youre really pretty free to pick your own classes, although youll have quite a bit of help from formal events like the core blitz (where professors for each freshman class get up and give a short overview of the class and who ought to take it) and your freshman advisor, as well as informal sources like upperclassmen. If I had a dollar for every time Ive explained every nuance of every freshman class to a bunch of puzzled freshmen well, I think it would be enough for me and Adam to have a nice night out on the town. I suppose my most significant academic challenge was just first term freshman year I had never taken a physics class before, and I just didnt understand how to do physics problems. Plus, I was still dating my high school sweetheart, and spent several hours each night on the phone (not good for the study habits, mmkay?). I didnt know how to study, and I didnt get enough sleep, and I hadnt figured out yet that theres a correlation between, um, going to class and getting good grades. And I ended up getting 3 Cs (thank you benevolent deity for pass-no record!). I guess I sort of tell that story in a very flip way now, but at the time it was incredibly frustrating for me not to understand, and to keep doing very poorly on tests when I thought I had done my best. I failed three physics tests, two chemistry tests, and a calculus test that term. Thats a lot of failure for someone whos never failed before. But! I scraped together passing grades in all my classes (no thanks to my lack of stud ying for finals I went into the calc final without having even cracked a book), and everythings gotten easier since then. Strictly speaking, I dont think anythings gotten easier, I think Ive just gotten a hell of a lot better at doing it. 3. Lizzy asked, Have you ever used help in real life? Well, the time that Adam got sick during finals, I needed some help too. He had the flu, and I was trying to keep him hydrated and eating (Honey, are you sure you dont want another cracker? How about some applesauce?) and study for my own finals. Plus, I was trying to make sure he wasnt going to have to take his Unified finals, because he would have failed them. And when I get stressed out, I cry my eyes out, which is not really conducive to negotiating exam postponements. So I went to Bryan, our entrys graduate resident tutor, and Bryan contacted Dan, our dorms Residential Life Associate. Dan talked to our housemaster, whos a professor in Adams department, and he talked to Adams professor. To make things official, Adam had to go to the counseling deans and get an official excuse, but that was pretty much a formality by the time I finished bawling my eyes out to Dan. :) It was not a fun experience, but everyone involved was extraordinarily understanding and helpful. 4. Marta asked, I read that registration day occurs the day before our first day of class. Does this mean that we dont register for classes until that day? Or have I perhaps misread something? Im somewhat confused Upperclassmen at MIT do register on Registration Day, which is the day before the first day of classes. Freshmen actually register a few days before that when they meet with their freshman advisors. I know it sounds really crazy and hectic, but its not a huge deal class schedules come out a long time before that (next falls schedule will be available April 19), so you usually know what youre taking a long time before you officially turn in your registration sheet. MITs not a very big place, so there arent too many classes you have to worry about getting into just lotteried classes. The general procedure for upperclassman registration is as follows: Student picks classes from the catalogue, student meets with advisor on Reg Day to get approval to take those classes (largely a formality), student attends the first week of class and decides whether to add or drop certain classes. 5. Anonymous asked, Will graduate school or med school look at the gpa out of 5.0 or out of 4.0? I personally think it is fairer for the gpa to be looked at out of 5.0 since MIT is extremely tough. The system is out of 5.0. A=5, B=4, C=3, D=2, F=0. (I dont know what happened to the 1.) I always translate when Im talking to someone from another school unfortunately, its not possible to say I got a 4.5 at MIT and pretend that its only out of 4, because its not. On graduate and professional school applications, they will always ask for the scale used at your school, and you will dutifully select the Five-point scale option. Or else they will ask you to convert your GPA, and being the intelligent person that you are, you will dutifully convert it to a four-point scale. MIT is tough, and graduate school admissions personnel are completely aware of that fact. We dont need to artificially boost our GPAs to get into top graduate and professional schools.

Airplane boy strikes again

Airplane boy strikes again A guest entry by Adam The blogging machine that is Mollie is running low on material right now. [Editors note: Um, by which he means that I have a test tomorrow?] So I, the gallant boyfriend, am stepping in to write the much anticipated UROP explanation thing. In my three years at MIT, Ive worked as a UROP on two research projects. Freshman and sophomore year I worked in the Aerospace Controls Labratory (ACL) and currently Im working at the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory. As many of you might have supposed, based on my infatuation with remote controlled (r/c) airplanes, both of my UROPs center around the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Some background Ive grown up around aviation. Theres a picture of me taken on the day my parents brought me home from the hospital, and in that picture right next to the bed is a model rocket. My first rattle was airplane-shaped, and for every birthday/Christmas/Groundhog Day that I can recall, Ive received something that flies. I learned to fly r/c planes when I was 7, and I attended and competed in various r/c events through junior high and high school. By the time I got to MIT, it was pretty clear what course number was going to be on my registration forms. That being said, while I didnt lack passion when I arrived on campus freshman year, I did lack organization and planning skills. [Editors note: Past tense?] So while others were attending orientation programs on how to find a UROP, I was watching Cartoon Network and trying to score free food from various student groups. Luckily fate stepped in; during one of the first days of 18.01A I met Carl 07, a fellow airplane lover from Wisconsin. When it comes to administrative stuff Carls pretty much the anti-me, so he already had like four potential course 16 UROPs lined up. Intrigued by the potential to get paid to play with airplanes, I asked Carl how he got set up, and he directed me to the departments UROP office. A couple of emails later I had a UROP, working as a technician on a fleet of UAVs. The ACL project The project that I was assigned to was working on cooperative control between multiple UAVs. Basically the idea was to have several small UAVs work together to perform a task rather than relying on one larger vehicle to do it on its own. The focus of the project was on the software required to get the aircraft working together, and so much of the testing was done in the lab using simulated aircraft. Once the software was working we would actually flight test it using several UAVs. The UAVs were comercially available r/c planes that had been modified to incorporate the autopilots that would run the cooperative control software. This is where I came in. It was my job to make the necessary airframe modifications to accept the autopilots and associated hardware. Also when we went out to flight test, I served as the test pilot and took over control of the UAVs whenever something went wrong with the software (whitch it often did). The project was a lot of fun, particularly the flight testi ng, and it introduced me to a lot of the software that Im now using in my upper level aero/astro courses. I worked with this particular research group for two years, and while when I started I was pretty much just a mechanic, by the time I left I was making some real engineering descisions that affected the path of our research. The Draper project Note: I cant tell you many specifics about my Draper job because most of the information is proprietary, but heres an overview. Last summer I got a highly desirable internship at Draper Labs, an MIT-affiliated research institute, mostly due to recommendations from my advisor at the ACL. This research group was developing an autonomous air drop vehicle to deliver precision surveillance equipment to high-risk areas. Basically they wanted to throw a small helicopter out of a cargo plane flying at 30,000 ft that would then fly itself down to a target on the ground and drop off a little camera to check up on the bad guys (this checking up on the bad guys thing is a big theme in UAV research these days). Unlike my UROP at the ACL, I was working in a much smaller group (me, my advisor, and a grad student) and I was expected to contribute more and work with a fair amount of autonomy. This was very cool because I basically got to design and fabricate the drop vehicle on my own, but it was not so cool because when things went wrong there was no one else around to blame. I spent the majority of the summer designing, bui lding, testing, crashing and then redesigning. By the end of August I had created a working demonstration vehicle that met our sponsors specifications, and the coolest part was that I had designed every part of it myself. Based on my work from the summer, my advisor asked me to stay on the project through the school year. Currently were working on our second-generation vehicle and applying for more grant money, which I hope that we receive so Ill have a job for the summer. I wish I could show some of our flight test videos, but Id rather not go to prison. Questions by Mollie 1. Im glad everybody was reassured by hearing about the sources of help that are available to MIT students. I remember exactly how it felt to be a prefrosh I was all oh god, everybody at MIT is going to be smarter than me and Im going to fail and I AM SO SCARED. Pretty much everybody feels that way. (And actually, the people who dont feel that way are probably in for a somewhat rude awakening come next October if you come in prepared to be the most amazing #1 person at MIT, it can be kind of a shock when you realize youre not. So I think its better to be a little nervous, although I do promise youll all be fine!) 2. Kristin asked Do MIT students take placement tests at the beginning of freshman year? And what was the biggest academic challenge youve encountered at MIT? You will have to take a very short math diagnostic test over the summer, but it doesnt impact much if you do poorly, youll just be advised to take 8.01L, which is a more drawn-out version of physics. You finish the class over IAP rather than at finals time. Youre really pretty free to pick your own classes, although youll have quite a bit of help from formal events like the core blitz (where professors for each freshman class get up and give a short overview of the class and who ought to take it) and your freshman advisor, as well as informal sources like upperclassmen. If I had a dollar for every time Ive explained every nuance of every freshman class to a bunch of puzzled freshmen well, I think it would be enough for me and Adam to have a nice night out on the town. I suppose my most significant academic challenge was just first term freshman year I had never taken a physics class before, and I just didnt understand how to do physics problems. Plus, I was still dating my high school sweetheart, and spent several hours each night on the phone (not good for the study habits, mmkay?). I didnt know how to study, and I didnt get enough sleep, and I hadnt figured out yet that theres a correlation between, um, going to class and getting good grades. And I ended up getting 3 Cs (thank you benevolent deity for pass-no record!). I guess I sort of tell that story in a very flip way now, but at the time it was incredibly frustrating for me not to understand, and to keep doing very poorly on tests when I thought I had done my best. I failed three physics tests, two chemistry tests, and a calculus test that term. Thats a lot of failure for someone whos never failed before. But! I scraped together passing grades in all my classes (no thanks to my lack of stud ying for finals I went into the calc final without having even cracked a book), and everythings gotten easier since then. Strictly speaking, I dont think anythings gotten easier, I think Ive just gotten a hell of a lot better at doing it. 3. Lizzy asked, Have you ever used help in real life? Well, the time that Adam got sick during finals, I needed some help too. He had the flu, and I was trying to keep him hydrated and eating (Honey, are you sure you dont want another cracker? How about some applesauce?) and study for my own finals. Plus, I was trying to make sure he wasnt going to have to take his Unified finals, because he would have failed them. And when I get stressed out, I cry my eyes out, which is not really conducive to negotiating exam postponements. So I went to Bryan, our entrys graduate resident tutor, and Bryan contacted Dan, our dorms Residential Life Associate. Dan talked to our housemaster, whos a professor in Adams department, and he talked to Adams professor. To make things official, Adam had to go to the counseling deans and get an official excuse, but that was pretty much a formality by the time I finished bawling my eyes out to Dan. :) It was not a fun experience, but everyone involved was extraordinarily understanding and helpful. 4. Marta asked, I read that registration day occurs the day before our first day of class. Does this mean that we dont register for classes until that day? Or have I perhaps misread something? Im somewhat confused Upperclassmen at MIT do register on Registration Day, which is the day before the first day of classes. Freshmen actually register a few days before that when they meet with their freshman advisors. I know it sounds really crazy and hectic, but its not a huge deal class schedules come out a long time before that (next falls schedule will be available April 19), so you usually know what youre taking a long time before you officially turn in your registration sheet. MITs not a very big place, so there arent too many classes you have to worry about getting into just lotteried classes. The general procedure for upperclassman registration is as follows: Student picks classes from the catalogue, student meets with advisor on Reg Day to get approval to take those classes (largely a formality), student attends the first week of class and decides whether to add or drop certain classes. 5. Anonymous asked, Will graduate school or med school look at the gpa out of 5.0 or out of 4.0? I personally think it is fairer for the gpa to be looked at out of 5.0 since MIT is extremely tough. The system is out of 5.0. A=5, B=4, C=3, D=2, F=0. (I dont know what happened to the 1.) I always translate when Im talking to someone from another school unfortunately, its not possible to say I got a 4.5 at MIT and pretend that its only out of 4, because its not. On graduate and professional school applications, they will always ask for the scale used at your school, and you will dutifully select the Five-point scale option. Or else they will ask you to convert your GPA, and being the intelligent person that you are, you will dutifully convert it to a four-point scale. MIT is tough, and graduate school admissions personnel are completely aware of that fact. We dont need to artificially boost our GPAs to get into top graduate and professional schools.

Critical Pedagogy And The Reggio Emilia - 1533 Words

Critical pedagogy and The Reggio Emilia approach on play based learning should be merged into early childhood education as obtaining the skills to critically analyze and problem solve has the potential to change society and thus the potential to change the world. It is important individuals become aware of what critical pedagogy is. Critical pedagogy stems from the idea that there is an unequal social structure in our society which is based upon class, race and gender. It has been formulated and influenced by many psychologists and philosophers including John Dewey and Paulo Freire. Critical pedagogy is an attempt at freedom from oppression through democratic critical thinking. In critical pedagogy the knowledge learned within the classroom should correlate with and not be separated from any social structure, culture, politics, economics or any ideology taking place with society. The idea is, that in order to orchestrate change, individuals must become aware of the social, cultural, ideological, and or economic influence exerted upon society. Once the individual becomes aware of the hegemony taking place they can then analyze their situation and implement change for the greater good. John Dewey born October 20th, 1859 was an American psychologist and philosopher. He was known well for his avocation in democracy and his theories on progressive education which correlate and transition into critical pedagogy. His theories focused on the argument that learning and education areShow MoreRelatedThe Reggio Emili A Model Of Early Childhood Development Education1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reggio Emilia approach is one that is a model, inspiring early childhood development education. . As children are natural explorers, they enjoy their environment and would love it to be a part of their own creation and knowledge. A typical day in a center that is based off of the Reggio Emilia approach is centered on the interests of the child and the guidance from the teachers. There are various opportunities that are provided to the children from a Reggio Emilia Approach. This approach wasRead MoreRyder, By F. Scott Ryder819 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloping knowledge as he delights in, explores and experiments with, light, shade and body movement. 2. Based on the above interpretation of the scenario, a Reggio Emilia approach was adopted as being the most appropriate approach to designing experiences that captured the focus of the scenario. The Reggio Emilia approach to pedagogy, in particular using the environment as a third teacher (Strong-Wilson Ellis, 2007, p. 40) encapsulates the key factors identified in the interpretation. TheRead More Teaching2569 Words   |  11 Pagesembrace and accept the approach enabling them to â€Å"adopt learning strategies that embed the acquisition of knowledge and skills into meaningful context† (Macleod-Brudenell and Kay, 2008, p.311). Moss and Petrie (2002) support this concept by stating â€Å"pedagogy can be used to refer to whole domain of social responsibility for children, for their well-being, learning and competence† (p.138). Pugh and Duffy (2006) suggest a pedagogue is the one who leads and educates children’s learning. This effectivelyRead MoreHow Learning Areas Such As The Arts And Literacies Are Woven Into An Integrated Curriculum Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagesschools image or profile, or perhaps a marketable product to attract the elite school clientele or a range of other perspectives (Wright, 2003). Engaging in meaningful conversations that help a child develop oral language skills is the basis and critical for their development. The visual and performing arts can be woven through musical intelligences- singing, playing instruments, writing or reading. Spatial intelligences- recognising an object when seen from different angles, imagining movementsRead MoreChristian Anthropology Forms and Informs Learning at All Saints Catholic Primary School985 Words   |  4 PagesGod’s creations, the children. By embracing the Reggio Emilia Philosophy our school links the natural environment to learning experiences as reflection, inspiration, awe and remembrance of God’s creation. The children are exposed to and encouraged to be critical thinkers with their own views, opinions and inbuilt moral compass. Building positive relationships and partnerships is at the forefront of learning. In my classroom I incorporate the pedagogy of listening in all learning experiences by searchingRead MoreCurriculum Approaches2578 Words   |  11 PagesMontessori and Reggio Emilia are progressive approaches to early childhood education that appear to be growing in New Zealand and have many points in common. In each approach, children are viewed as active authors of their own development, strongly influenced by natural, dynamic, self-righting forces within themselves, opening the way towards growth and learning. Teachers depend on carefully prepared, aesthetically pleasing environments that serve as a pedagogical tool and provide strong messagesRead MoreAboriginal Children And Early Childhood Education And Care : A Uncrc Approach3348 Words   |  14 Pagesour Aboriginal children. Both frameworks hold a stance in the necessary changes for Aboriginal early education and care, as incorporating indigenous knowledge will allow us to mend together specific Aboriginal practices and ways of learning to the pedagogy of mainstream child cares. By using a cultural compatibility theory, supported by a rights based approach, we are able to seek out educational opportunities and advantages for the Aboriginal population (Hare, 2011). Moreover, these approaches allowRead MoreCurrent Theoretical Perspectives, Pedagogies And Curriculum Approaches Essay2096 Words   |  9 PagesCurrent theoretical perspectives, pedagogies and curriculum approaches. Teaching and learning can be seen as an integrated approach through the support and reflection of visual arts, theoretical perspectives and cultural perspectives such as MÄ ori and Pasifika. These approaches help explain different teaching practices and extension of children’s interests and the different ways to present and consider the environment the children learn and develop in. The arts are a fundamental element of onesRead MoreThe Arts : A Fundamental Element Of Ones Human Condition Essay2024 Words   |  9 Pagessupport the ideas and views of an integrated approach to learning such as the Reggio Emilia approach and pedagogy. The city of Reggio Emilia in Northern Italy is where Loris Malaguzzi established early childhood centres. These centres were based on his philosophical approach that educators provide children with a rich amount of resources to become strong and competent beings, in turn, this was then recognises as the Reggio Emilia approach. Moreover, children are seen to be the directors in the constructionRead MoreCharacteristics of the Effective Early Childhood Educator Essay2137 Words   |  9 Pagestheories and philosophies of many pioneering and contemporary pedagogues, such as Piaget, Montessori and Vygotsky and studies emerging from Reggio Emilia in Italy. Researchers have found, that unless the educator is working in a specific theory based environment, for example, a Montessori school, or a school where Piagetian practice is implemented, the contemporary pedagogy will base lesson plans on a selection of these theorists ideas and concepts rather than the entire philosophy ( Edwards Ha mmer

Hiv The Search For A Vaccine Essay - 1307 Words

In 1985, over 10,000 cases of AIDS were reported worldwide (White and Fenner 1986). Just over a decade later, in 1998, the Global AIDS Policy Coalition estimated that 30.6 million people were infected with HIV worldwide. It has also been projected that by the year 2000, between 40 and 70 million adults will be infected with HIV (New Generation Vaccines 1997). Over 90% of all HIV-1 infected individuals live in developing nations: 50% in Southeast Asia and 40% in sub-Saharan Africa. However, even with all of these alarming statistics and projections, there is hope for the future of humanity. This hope is a potential anti-AIDS vaccine. An anti-AIDS vaccine is the best bet. Among other factors, the large costs associated with therapeutic†¦show more content†¦The second obstacle is the lack of an inexpensive, suitable animal for testing the efficiency of an HIV-1 vaccine. Chimps, baboons, and gibbons can be infected with HIV, however they are endangered and cost between $60,000 a nd $100,000 each. These animals are also unable of assessing a vaccines ability to prevent disease, since infected chimps do not develop AIDS (New Generation Vaccines 1997). SCID mice have given optimism to the search for a practical animal model. SCID mice are mice that have been populated with human T cells. When these mice are presented with HIV, the human T cells in the mice become infected. These mice have already helped researchers find therapeutic levels of AZT and ddI for humans (Kuby 1997). There are several characteristics for an ideal HIV vaccine. First, the vaccine should be inexpensive. This would enable developing nations to have access to it. Secondly, the vaccine should be able to evoke a strong response from both the humoral and the cell-mediated immune branches. Finally, the vaccine should be effective against multiple strains of HIV (Vaccine Strategies 1997). There are five potential vaccine candidates that will be discussed: whole inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, live recombinant vector vaccines, subunit vaccines, and naked DNA vaccines. Initially, whole inactivated vaccines looked as if they protected macaques from SIV infection. However, it was later discovered that theShow MoreRelatedMedical Advances Throughout History And History1164 Words   |  5 Pagesdiseases. Maintenance medications provide a way for older adults to manage their chronic medical conditions. But there are some medical conditions that are also chronic, but with no cure available. One such condition is HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus. According to Tortora, HIV is â€Å"the pathogen causing the loss of immune function that selectively infects helper T cells† (545). My goal in this paper is to show the advances modern medicine has achieved in discovering the different ways to combatRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Or Hiv, The Root Cause Of Aids Or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome?1532 Words   |  7 Pagescommunity has put up with the struggle of finding a vaccine for the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, the root cause of AIDS or acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Although numerous advancements in combating the virus have helped to reverse the epidemic, there is still no known cure. However, recent studies have shown some results that may possibly be the precursors to eradicate the disease. One example would be the trials of a possible vaccine conducted on primates at both Paris-Descartes UniversityRead MoreHiv-1 Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesHIV-1’s ability to mutate rapidly has hindered researchers to finding an effective vaccine. The characteristics of bNAbs show that it can target the surface of the virus to reduce the chance of an infection. A recent findi ng of calves being able to produce antibodies similar to bNAbs when exposed to the virus has provided a glimpse of hope, however further trials will still need to be carried out to initiate the same response in humans. Nonetheless, government funding has helped researchers to findRead MoreAIDS Prevention in Africa Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesIs there enough being done to eradicate this disease in Africa, and will the cost of these treatments limit those who do not have the available income to afford these drugs? Scientist and researchers have worked over the years to find a cure or vaccine for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, but it remains the most incurable infection in the world. â€Å"There are several promising drug therapies now becoming available which are far too expensive for poor countriesRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Acute Rheumatic Fever2131 Words   |  9 Pagessource=search_resultsearch=rheumatic%20feverselectedTitl e=1~119#H3 B: Glomerulonephritis C: Scarlet fever D: Septic arthritis †¢ Septic arthritis is also known as infectious arthritis and is normally caused by a bacteria or fungus that is caught in a larger joint, such as a knee. However, this is not the correct answer because this disease is not considered a post strep complication. †¢ https://www.uptodate.com/contents/septic-arthritis-in-adults?source=search_resultsearch=septic%20arthritisselectedTitle=1~150#H8Read MoreDoes Hpv Vaccination Within Msm Significantly Prevent Anogenital Infection Occurrence And Recurrence Syndrome?1420 Words   |  6 Pagesvaccination in the men who have sex with men (MSM) population up to age 26 if they had not received it when they were younger.2 There are no current recommendations for this population who are greater than age 26 who have not previously received the vaccine. As age of an individual and number of lifetime sexual partners increases, the risk of developing anal cancer also increases. Men who have had 15 sexual partners during their lifetime show an increase in risk of developing anal cancer (OR=5.3; 95%Read MoreHow Can We Protect Ourselves Against Infectious Disease?1404 Words   |  6 Pagesvirus, filoviridae family, is filamentous, enveloped and non-segmented negative RNA. Pathogen is responsible for viral haemorrhagic fever, vomiting and diarrhea, this is associated with high levels of lethality. It takes a long time to develop a vaccine for Ebola because Ebola virus mutates rapidly as it spreads, mutation occurs within the genes that code for antibody-binding sites so the original antibody can no longer bind to the site. This is called antigenic drift and it forms a new virus strainRead MoreHepatitis B Virus ( Hbv )3508 Words   |  15 Pageslaunched in 1982, and the vaccines work 95% of the time in preventing infection among non-immunodeficiency people (1). However, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients are usually more prone to HBV, as these two viruses share the common modes of spread, such as sexual transmission (2). To prevent co-infection, HIV patients are recommended to have HBV vaccine injections administered. Several studies have indicated that the standard-dose HBV vaccine is insufficient for HIV-infected patients toRead MoreTuberculosis As A Prime Leading Health Problem1563 Words   |  7 Pagestuberculosis transmission, few of them are mentioned briefly in this paper are; TB is increasing among a younger population more commonly due to HIV infection, overcrowding and ill-nourished people who live in large cities than those live in rural areas. Additionally, prisoners are at a greater risk of such incidence and are more likely to have both tuberculosis and HIV infection because of socioeconomic status and overcrowding than the general population. According to William et al, it has been observedRead MoreEssay on Viruses835 Words   |  4 Pagescycle. Vaccines make infection impossible or less likely by sensitizing your own antibodies to attack and destroy the virus when it gets into the body. Hunting down and eliminating the virus already inside the host cells is more difficult. Treatments that are able to reach and destroy the virus often take out the native cell as collateral damage. What can be done about these invaders? Common household soaps and sanitizers will destroy most viruses on surfaces and body tissue. Vaccines provide

What You Dont Know About Essay Topics on Climate Change Could Be Costing to More Than You Think

What You Don't Know About Essay Topics on Climate Change Could Be Costing to More Than You Think You have to make sure you get your points right. The change that has happened in the recent past is also known as outcome of global warming. It is simple to say such things. With the assistance of our governments, there's hope. Want to Know More About Essay Topics on Climate Change? If your aim is developing an excellent climate change essay for your college or university, it is an excellent place to master the abilities and tricks required to present a strong analysis to the general public. No matter your reasons are, it's great if you're passionate about the matter of climate change as it will be simpler to conduct research and persuade the reader to adopt your viewpoint. Knowing what sort of paper you have to write will shape the format, content, and clearly, the kind of sources you will have to support your claims. You ought to be acquainted with the concepts behind climate change if you're planning on writing a paper on it. The students that are engaged in too many works and would like to seek the services of a proper writer, then students assignment help is the very best choice for them. Your teacher may also request that you craft an informative international climate change essay where you need to just inform the reader about the present problem without expressing your own personal opinion. For instance, you might find there are 3 sub-topics under the very first major topic that you want to discuss, and that means you will create sub-headings for them. So, you should choose a topic that you may write a lot about. Quite frequently, the ideal topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get ready to research it. Picking an excellent topic is an ambitious undertaking. Also, do not forget that you're able to pay for essay, just order original and superior quality papers from MyEssayWriting on a huge variety of topics. Before you write your descriptive essay, you should lay the basis of the full work. Furthermore, many students discover that it's tough to distinguish the kind of paper they are writing. If you're a working student or only have zero time for the research work we'll let you create a robust and winning essay. Furthermore, it lays out the intention behind the essay. When you start writing your essay you'll have all info you have to make accurate direct quotations. All the written essays are extremely easy and easy to be able to help students. Unlike in different essays, writing narrative essays permit the writer to use a very first person point of view as it is based on personal experiences. Climate change, in actuality, has come to be a cause of concern particularly over the past few decades. It will play a major role in animal health. It has the potential to drastically impact the future of the human race, and is intrinsically linked to the water supply across the world. It is one of the most important global issues facing the world today. The capacity for human suffering would be huge, and it's possible that we'd observe outbreaks of disease and famine, along with increased homelessness and poverty. A massive industrial revolution in today's time has largely impacted the inte rnational climate system by boosting the total amount of greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere. For instance, it can be scientific research on the causes and potential consequences of the worldwide warming. The clearest is climate warming. Future tropical cyclones will grow more intense. Finally, climate change is creating a rise in desertification. It is also known as global warming. Climatic changes have become more prominent now on account of the global warming that's a worldwide concern. There are numerous elements to take into account on several fronts, but with plants, here are a number of key aspects that affect their life cycles. There are a lot of factors that result in a change in the climate. Both are hot issues of the present time and it's the opportunity to analyse causes and prevention methods to stop the international warming. A good example is the greater sea levels because of the melting ice caps caused by global warming. Folks should cut power consumption in order to decrease the effects of global warming. Some folks feel that instead of preventing climate change, we have to obtain a means to live with this. If the planet's temperatures continue to rise later on, living things on earth would become extinct as a result of high temperatures. Also people with heart problems are going to be at high risk with the growing temperature and diseases due to the increase of stress on their entire body.

Negative Cigarette Smoking And Consumption â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Negative Cigarette Smoking And Consumption? Answer: Introduction Beer consumption and cigarettes smoking are some of the factors that are responsible for many deaths in the world every year. Beer consumers have resulted in many accidents that has taken the life of many innocent individuals. The smoking of cigarettes has resulted in many health issues such as cancers and has resulted in many deaths as well. Cigarettes are less expensive than beer and thus are more likely to be abused. There are more deaths that results from cigarettes consumption in comparison to beer consumption. There is a need for the government to raise the social welfare of the citizens by ensuring that it saves as many lives as possible. Saving of these life means discouraging their consumption; it is only achievable through marketing these products more expensive. This paper will determine their relationship and confirm whether the argument posed by the Washington University that discouraging cigarette could reduce beer consumption is true. The beer and wine markets are faced by reduced regulations compared to the cigarette markets. The number of alcohol consumers are lesser than those for cigarette consumers; this explains why there are more cigarette-related deaths compared to alcohol-related deaths. Beer and cigarettes have a complementarity in consumption (Moore, 2010); wines and cigarettes have no close relationship. It is with a high possibility to get a person who is taking beer to be smoking as well. People who are dependent on wine consumption belong to a higher class of life and thus they choose better living standards and thus its difficult for them to indulge in unhealthy behaviors such as cigarettes smoking (Ingraham, 2014). However, for the case of beer and cigarettes smoking the two goods are complements, thus, an increase in cigarettes tax to discourage its consumption also discourages the consumption of beer but at a lesser proportion that the reduction in cigarette smoking. Some people are not satisfie d with just the consumption of beer alone; they feel much better when they complement the beer with other substances as well (Moore, 2010); cigarette is the major choice of complement for beer consumption. Assuming that initially the demand for beer was equal to Q* and the price was P*, initial demand D*, the introduction of health warning on the cigarettes packaging will have the following impact on beer demand. The warning will make the cigarettes consumers to be more cautious and thus their demand for cigarettes will fall at every price level (White, Williams, Faulkner Wakefield, 2014). Since the change in the cigarettes demand results from a change in preference rather than price, the initial demand curve D* shifts leftwards to D1. There is a shift in demand curve for all non-price demand influencers (Chand, 2016). The quantity of beer demanded falls from Q* to Q1 as observed above. Thus the impact of health warning on cigarettes is to reduce the consumption of beer (Wigg Stafford, 2016). Quantity of Cigarettes The initial cigarettes demand was Q* when the price of beer was P*. The shortage of yeast will cause a reduction in the amount of beer produced since yeast is an input for beer production; supply shifts from S* to S1. When supply is low, the selling price rises (Ritenour, 2010). The new beer price will be P1 and will make beer less attractive. Since beer and cigarettes are complementary goods, the demand for cigarettes will also fall. There is a great addiction on cigarettes such that it is difficult for a smoker to spend a day without smoking a few cigarettes. Addictive smokers may prefer cigarettes over food or drinks. The cravings that they have for cigarettes cannot be satisfied by anything else apart from cigarettes. Non cigarette smokers may not be impacted by the presence of such a jail business their normal states will still be maintained at the initial position. New jailers are given only one choice when they arrive in this jail; they have to keep of the cigarettes. According to Dailymail.co.uk (2009), there has been a decline in all kind on crimes since most criminals are cigarette smokers and are frightened to face the tough consequences. Most people who avoid crimes are not fearing the presence of the non-smoking jail, what they fear is the smoking ban. This fear of smoking ban and the sub-sequential decline in crime rate explains the inelastic nature of cigarette demand to the changes in its prices. Even if price was raised to high levels, smokers will always smoke nearly the same quantity smoked before the prices went up. There will be a small decline in cigarette demand after the tax causing the prices to hike. packaging. Conclusion If alcohol and cigarettes are complement goods, then an increase in the cigarette prices will not result in an increment in alcohol consumption but rather a reduction. Beer and cigarettes are inelastic to price changes and thus no matter the price charged, there is still a greater demand by the consumers. This is because these products cause addiction to the users. Their inelastic nature is an advantage to the government as it can be able to raise higher revenues as it saves many lives. References Chand, S. (2016). Effect of Demand Curve on Substitute Goods and Complementary Goods. YourArticleLibrary.com. Retrieved 11 September 2017, from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/economics/effect-of-demand-curve-on-substitute-goods-and-complementary-goods-micro-economics/8914/. Dailymail.co.uk. (2009). Drop in crime on Isle of Man attributed to Europe's only non-smoking prison. Mail Online. Retrieved 11 September 2017, from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1239209/Drop-crime-Isle-Man-attributed-Europes-non-smoking-prison.html. Ingraham, C. (2014). Want people to drink less? Make their cigarettes more expensive. Washington Post. Retrieved 11 September 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/10/27/want-people-to-drink-less-make-their-cigarettes-more-expensive/?utm_term=.a22995e37523. Moore, S. (2010). Substitution and Complementarity in the Face of Alcohol-Specific Policy Interventions. Oup.com. Retrieved 11 September 2017, from https://academic.oup.com/alcalc/article/45/5/403/184976. Ritenour, S. (2010). Foundations of economics: A Christian view. Eugene, Or: Wipf Stock. White, V., Williams, T., Faulkner, A., Wakefield, M. (2014). Do larger graphic health warnings on standardized cigarette packs increase adolescents cognitive processing of consumer health information and beliefs about smoking-related harms? Bmj.com. Retrieved 11 September 2017, from https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/24/Suppl_2/ii50. Wigg, S., Stafford, L. (2016). Health Warnings on Alcoholic Beverages: Perceptions of the Healthcare Risks and Intentions towards Alcohol Consumption. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 11 September 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4841515/.

Assessing in the Field of Marriage and Family Therapy

Introduction Assessment refers to the treatment process of identifying the signs and symptoms, which are associated with mental and emotional disorders. The disorders are then compared with the standardized disorders.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Assessing in the Field of Marriage and Family Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It should be noted that the treatment process should be based on the health condition of the patient because patients differ based on their coping abilities. The therapist develops a treatment plan after completing the process of diagnosis. The treatment plan helps in the process of alleviating the symptoms. Some instruments are utilized in the process of diagnosis and measuring the condition of the patient, including psychometric instruments (Barraca, Yarto, Olea, 2000). Family therapy is a process that uses systemic and relational theories in diagnosing and treating patients, inc luding couples, family members, and families in general. The Purpose of Assessment Family therapy entails identifying some of the factors that make it difficult for family members to coexist in unity and harmony. The process helps those in relationships in resolving issues that may lead to serious conflicts or divorce. It is noted that assessment helps in identifying those problems before they escalate into serious problems. Problems are resolved so easily once they are identified as opposed to leaving them until they bring about major problems in a family unit. The assessment process is of essence in relationships because it assists in nurturing change and development in families. Family psychoanalysis perceives family change in terms of the structures of relations among individuals.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In psychological wellbeing, the interactions among family members ar e considered one of the critical factors. A number of schools of thoughts exist as regards to the importance of assessment in family therapy. However, all scholars and practitioners confirm that family members must be involved in finding the main problem affecting them. In this case, the origin of the problem does not matter, but what matters is the quality of solution and the process utilized in arriving at the solution. Assessment is the first step towards unraveling the problem affecting an individual or a family member. In other words, assessment is the basic stage that a therapist must consider before moving in to provide any help to a troubled individual or family member (Caldwell, Woolley, Caldwell, 2007). Through assessment, the family therapist can influence the outcome of the conversations in a consultative meeting between the troubled individual and the therapist. The assessment process has helped therapists understand that the family is not defined in narrower sense, bu t instead it should be understood in broader terms meaning that the family should be defined based on the roles and relationships of closely related individuals, which may even include friends. The assessment process in family therapy is of great importance as far as establishing formal interventions are concerned. Each culture had its own ways through which family members could be helped get out the problem, but they techniques were ineffective because they lacked assessment. The traditional therapies included performing some rituals with the help of the extended families. There was some development when societal leaders such as the chiefs and priests conducted family therapies. However, the problems could not be addressed amicably because there were no assessments conducted on the affected.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Assessing in the Field of Marriage and Family Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Th e emergence of child guidance and marriage counseling introduced the idea of assessment because individuals had to be cross-examined in a laboratory setting to outline the problems affecting them. Assessment process is very important because it gives a distinctive feature related to analytical framework meaning that it does not rely on the number of people present. Assessment without Judging The main role of family therapy professionals is to offer professional advice without interfering with the welfare of the families. This implies that they have to respect the rights of the clients and keep off from unnecessary judgments. For instance, they have to take caution when it comes to offering subjective verdicts. They have to be objective in whatever they do meaning that they have to avoid using a certain form of language that may sound discriminative or judgmental. In this regard, family and marriage psychoanalysts are warned to keep away from evaluating clients based on their races, age, cultural backgrounds, riches, physical statuses, healthiness, wellbeing, and faith. A therapist might be tempted to conclude that a certain condition is associated with a certain ethnic group or gender. This would be wrong because it may injure the client emotional, given the fact that family therapists deal with those who are already discriminated against. For a family and marriage therapist to offer quality services without offering his or her own insights, he or she must exercise restraint and observe professional codes of conducts.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In particular, the therapist should refer the patient to the necessary department or therapist if he or she realizes that the situation can no longer be handled in his or her officer. This would prevent the therapist from offering defective or harmful advice to the client. If the client turns out to be stubborn or he or she is unwilling to disclose critical information needed for diagnosis, the therapist should simply terminate the conversation in a very professional manner instead of giving wrong advice. When handling clients, the family and marriage therapist is encouraged to follow the manual instead of using his or her own knowledge to diagnose a disorder. Some professionals might be tempted to serve their own interests instead of addressing the needs of the client. At this point, the therapist would be fulfilling his or her own interests, which amounts to subjectivity instead of striving to be objective. The therapist should always be mindful of the interests of the client if h e or she is to keep off from value judgment and promote objective assessment. Why Marriage and Family Therapists should be allowed to Diagnose Before addressing the consequences of any disorder or disease, it must be diagnosed for proper analysis and recommendation. Studies show that family therapy is an effective tool of addressing psychological problems such as depression, digestive disorders, chronic disorders, drug abuse, issues related to parenting, and issues that come about in relations. Family therapy is effective as compared to other traditional therapies because it involves all family members in resolving issues affecting them. Scholars in the field of mental health appreciate the role of family therapy meaning that they also endorse family and marriage therapists to conduct diagnosis. Some observe that there is no adequate literature in the field of family and marriage therapy, which prevents effective diagnosis. Moreover, misunderstanding the process of assessment and di agnosis among family therapists is another reason cited. However, family and marriage therapy may not utilize the diagnosis of other practitioners to arrive at critical conclusions because it family therapy involves understanding human behavior. Human behavior is subject to change meaning that diagnosis should b conducted at the time of therapy. Relying on diagnosis from other places may mislead the expert because the patient could have gone through many experiences since the time he or she was diagnosed to the time of therapy. In the American society, the role played by marriage and family therapists is not yet recognized, even though there is a consensus that their presence is highly valued. In fact, the training offered to family and marriage therapists is very high as compared to that offered to other mental therapists, including social workers and counselors. To worsen the matter, the law does not permit family and marriage therapists to charge clients meaning that they offer t heir services on mutual basis. This is unacceptable because those trained in the field lack employment since the profession does not fetch any substantial funds. It is therefore recommended that marriage and family therapists should be allowed to exercise their profession just the way others are doing in the market. They should be allowed to offer professional services, including diagnosing the problems facing individuals in marriages and families. The family is the most basic unit of social organization meaning that its failure would imply the failure of the whole society. Philosophical Challenges in Marriage and Family Diagnosis One of the challenges is that there is no data related to marriage and family therapy, which means that there is no existing body of knowledge as regards to the processes of diagnosis in the field. This is a major problem among scholars because it is claimed in the philosophy that knowledge is cumulative implying that the problem must have existed for year s for it to be accepted. In other words, the marriage and family therapy diagnosis does not have clear theories and methodologies. Others claim that marriage and family therapy simply relies on subjective knowledge, which cannot be depended upon to sustain a discourse. There is no established method or technique used in treating similar problems in the family and marriage therapy. DSM is not systematic meaning that it cannot be relied upon to offer a comprehensive solution to relational disorders. A method must be consistent for it to be considered scientific. Family and marriage therapy methods are not systematic because they offer different results whenever they are applied to understand a similar problem. Each case is different because human behavior is highly unpredictable (Kreppner, 2005). Human behavior is influenced by very many variables, including culture, individual orientation to the world, gender, role, place, and education. For instance, an educated sick individual coul d be suffering from a similar disorder as an uneducated individual. Their behavior would not be similar, given their differences in the level of education. The methods applied in diagnosing their problems would not be the same, even though their conditions are similar. Impacts of Diagnosis on Marriage and Family Therapist Allowing marriage and family therapists to diagnose a disorder would be one way of empowering them since it would give them an advantage over other practitioners. They would be in a position to deal with various problems affecting those in relationships and family members. Diagnosing a problem is critical to understanding the best technique to be applied in treatment. Relying on others for diagnosis might give wrong results because the diagnosis could have been conducted wrongly. If marriage and family therapists diagnoses disorders, they will come up with a patterned and structured technique that would be consistent in addressing similar disorders. References Barr aca, J., Yarto, L., Olea, J. (2000). Psychometric properties of a new family life satisfaction scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 16(2), 98–100. Caldwell, B., Woolley, S., Caldwell, C. (2007). Preliminary estimates of cost-effectiveness for marital therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 33(3), 392–406. Kreppner, K. (2005). Family assessment and methodological issues: Discussion. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 21(4), 249–254. This essay on Assessing in the Field of Marriage and Family Therapy was written and submitted by user Charity Beasley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.