Hip Hop and its relation to lyrical and musical plagiarism and copyright laws - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2537 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Music Essay Level High school Topics: Hip Hop Essay Did you like this example? Plagiarism, as defined in the Oxford English dictionary, is the action of taking someone elses work and pretending it is your own work [1]. Musical plagiarism has gone through many perceptions from the earlier centuries to the recent times. Musical plagiarism can occur lyrically or instrumentally, when someone steals someone elses components and represents it as his or her own. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hip Hop and its relation to lyrical and musical plagiarism and copyright laws" essay for you Create order One of the first instances of plagiarism was during the times shortly after Mozart and Beethoven, where the similar ideas that first occurred to them were used in the songs by composers Mendelssohn and Wagner. Since the world was convinced of the integrity of these men, they werent charged with plagiarism and the similarities were considered to be pure chance resemblance [2]. In the 20th Century, plagiarism became more noticeable and the concept of chance resemblance was no longer feasible. The legal concept of copyright law was established to promote science and the useful arts. The music industry also falls into the purview of the copyright laws. Internet is a double edged sword in the music industry. On one hand it has popularized many genres of music and increased accessibility to larger variety of music. But on the other hand it has become easy for music to be copied without paying homage to the original artist. This paper proposes the argument: As long as homage and credit are given to the original creators, nothing is plagiarized. An early example on unethical usage and clear case of plagiarism where the system did not react legally or economically is illustrated along with the landmark case where copyright laws were applied in the hip hop industry and its impact are used to illustrate the thesis of the paper and propose the intended opinion. Plagiarism ambiguity in Hip Hop Hip Hop first began as an underground culture in New York City in the 1970s and one of the important factors in its origin is Deejaying. DJs such as Kool Herc found various ways to edit and sample the music they were playing, with the help of turntables, so that it would be more appealing to their audiences. This was followed by the addition of spoken word elements to the music, with the usage of the microphone, which became known as MC-ing. Various artists such as Afrika Bambaata and Grandmaster Flash created pioneering works both audibly and vocally [3]. Then, the drum machine began to be commonly used in hip hop production (thanks to Bambaata) and this pioneered the process of beat making in hip hop. This was later accompanied by the usage of the sampler and the synthesizer which could be used to sample music more efficiently [4]. From then on, hip hop opened many opportunities for the creation of new music based on previous musical work. But some of these opportunities brought ab out controversy. Deejaying(sampling) in particular, is an integral element of hip hop. While sampling, hip-hop producers usually insert segments of recorded music into what they are creating. They also truncate samples to take only the useful sections and syncopate the sample so that it loops throughout the entire song. Sampling can be done instrumentally or lyrically. Powerful juxtapositions were created by hip-hop producers by re-combining and re-contextualizing sources [5]. A good example of re-contextualizing is the famous words from the All in the family sitcom about a white American bigot, Those were the days. These words were sampled into the Digital Tears song by GM Grimm. Grimm used these lyrics to convey a black mans world of crime, drugs, prison, and desperation. The context of the original source to the one that it was used in is completely different. Hip-hop sampling is not mere cutting and pasting existing material into your creation, but to redefine it to suit your c ontext and musical creation. In hip hop, plagiarism is defined as stealing another persons unpublished lyrics or instrumental production without giving them any credit. To equate sampling with plagiarism is not acceptable, because sampling uses the sources to create new meanings. Sampling is done with published musical work, but the introduction of the legal concept of copyright introduces more complexity in the distinction between sampling and plagiarism. The famous philosopher Michael Foucault stated that he did not use quotations or citations from the previous famous philosophers (eg: Marx) when he used their arguments to build his own ones in a recognizable manner. He expected the reader to be familiar with those arguments and be able to recognize them when they are read [5]. Similarly, sampling in hip hop is intended for the listener to recognize the effort to create new music that is inspired by old music. Hip Hop producers and MCs clearly do not intend to steal other peoples work and not give them any credit, but controversies can still arise due to copyright law. Hip hop culture is fosters on this ethical code of sampling from within the community. Copyright, which first originated in 1640 in Great Britain, is a form of property which can be bought and sold like any other. If a new work is to be built from a previous one, the previous work must be purchased in the sense that its original creator must permit the new creator to use his work in the building of his work [6]. Sampling infringes the copyrights on the original composition which involve whether licensing the sample from the copyright holders or risking legal action. In order to prevent legal implication, the new artist needs to use pre-cleared samples or needs to get copyrights from the original artist for its usage. Copyrights need to be obtained for the musical composition and the sound recording from the songwriter and the production house. In the early 2000s the creation of the internet added more ambiguity and complexity to this matter. This is owing to the fact that various materials are easily available to any user. Artists can easily upload their creations and these creations can be conveniently found by other artists who are looking for sources. Certain Websites like Youtube have become the common destination for new artist to find samples. Since the emergence of MP3 files, a significant amount of music can be freely downloaded by a wide variety of users at no charge, and so the process of piracy has become considerably more widespread. Musical content is occasionally available at a significantly low price from platforms such as Spotify (paid subscription) and Amazon (purchase) [7]. To prevent copyright violations and plagiarism, certain artists such as Jay-Z remove their musical work from these platforms and distribute their work from their own platforms at higher prices along with copyright license agreement. Illustrative cases This paper illustrates two cases with each attempting to show the evolution of hip-hop culture with respect to sampling and plagiarism. Hip hop music is so dependent on sampling, and making it artists version of music and expression. Since sampling was an accepted norm in hip-hop this example though being a clear cut case on plagiarism in the hip hop industry was not acted upon legally: The Grandmaster Caz and The Sugarhill gang. Rappers Delight was a great hip hop success and was created by a house band called the Sugarhill Gang. The Sugarhill Gang was made up of three MCs who had no street credibility. Sylvia Robinson (the owner of Sugarhill Records) put the group together. . Hank, who became a member of the Sugarhill Gang used to be the manager of Grandmaster Cazs (then known as Casanova Fly) hip hop group The Mighty Force, stole the lyrics from a book given to him by Grandmaster Caz and repeated the same words in the second verse of the Sugarhill gangs Rappers Delight. Such una uthorized borrowing of lyrics is abhorrence in hip hop culture, referred to pejoratively as biting.[3] The second verse of rappers delight was made by inauthentic practices. These unethical method falls into the exact definition of plagiarism. Even though people within the hip hop community did not approve of this, Rappers Delight demand with the audience became clear due to its compelling, fresh and controversial approach. This paved hip hop and rap music into a fungible commodity, where the boundaries of plagiarism are obscure. The second example is focused on the court case which shook the hip hop industry and created new norms in the copyright world for hip-hop: Grand Upright Music Limited v Warner Brothers Records. In this case, the hip hop artist Biz Markie was sued by the singer Gilbert O Sullivan for sampling his song Alone Again (Naturally). This was a sad song about the death of his parents which featured the piano predominantly. Biz Markie took the harmonizing piano chords along with the exact sound recording from the song and overlapped it with his rap music. According to Biz Markie this was an acceptable norm in the hip-hop culture where you sample from old music. The court ruled that sampling without permission can qualify as copyright infringement. The judgment changed the hip hop music industry, requiring that any future music sampling be preapproved by the original copyright owners to avoid a lawsuit. [5] Judge Duffys ruling in this case was critiqued by many and many opinioned that the jud ge ignored the fair use defense and categorized hip-hop sampling with theft. This ruling had the most negative view of sampling and also created a lot of limitation on new sound compositions. Synthesis and Analysis Prior to the historical case Grand Upright Music Limited v Warner Brothers Records copyright laws on sampling was ambiguous, but this case changed these common practices. All subsequent cases on copyright infringement which were levied against hip hop artists concluded that the hip hop artist willfully broke the law due to sampling practices. Nothing about sampling really mattered; the power got shifted into the copyright holder hands. This had a major impact on the creative nature of hip hop music. Using multiple sources became economically infeasible. So people stopped using expensive sources and started moving to more unconventional and less popular sources. The distinction between plagiarism and paying homage is murky, with these kinds of sources. It is important that we pay due attribution to the sources, without overly impacting the economical feasibility. The real battle is between creativity and the impact of attributions. The impact of attributions is both legal and economical. After the landmark copyright case, the economic impact of copyright has had negative impacts on the profit making of hip hop creations. Previously, artists used to have multiple layers of sources and this approach is no longer feasible at least economically. Major label artists have to take in the bureaucratic and financial cost of sample clearance and that is included into the creative process. Credit should be given to the artist where it is due and that is unquestionable. But the economical implications need to be reasonable. Today the cost to source from big artist has become very high that is the reason artist are refraining themselves from using popular sources. Big artists like Kanye West who are influential in sampling culture are being sloppy with securing permission for their samples. Kayne West uses obscure samples without giving any acknowledgeme nt to the original artist. Many artists struggle with this issue of giving credit. Popular hip-hop artists are trying to evade legal obligations as there is no well defined process to legally clear samples. This is happening because something is seriously broken in the system. There are an increased number of people who have turned to become consumers producing their own creations distributing music online. This has increased the availability of music online. This increased consumption and creation has led to a boarder and highly visible practice of sampling. The internet culture of consumption and creation has added to challenges for the copyright law. There are two ways in which music is distributed in the digital era. One is downloading and other is streaming. Since both these forms require a copy of the musical file to be downloaded either into the hard disk or the memory, the concept of ownership and usage starts to get obscure and leading to copyright violations. Distribution of these files without the copyright owners permission on the internet is a common practice. Clear case of infringement is when digital mp3 files are used to create new music without giving due homage to the original artist. Copyright laws are more complex in this digital age, because the concept of work is more abstract. New copyright law like the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 provides civil and criminal remedies against those who circumvent technological safeguards and tamper with copyright management information[11]. Since Hip Hop has gone global in the digital age, artists can now take inspiration from anywhere in the world and overlap is inevitable. Regional flows have now transcended due to hip hops growth. Technology changes more rapidly than the laws, inevitably internet technology is going to continue to cause unforeseen problems and complications in the hip hop industry. The fundamental need for copyright law is to recognize the contribution of the original owner and provide incentive for the creation of new works. A new concept of free culture by Lawrence Lessig and his company Creative Commons is streamlining the process of sampling clearing and therefore benefiting hip-hop artists. Artists can choose from a set of free licenses which range from one time use to continued usage as long as homage and due credit is given to the original artist. Creative Commons aims to build a movement of consumers and producerswho help build the public domain, and, by their work, demonstrate the importance of the public domain to other creativity (Lessig 283)[10]. An important aspect about free culture public domain is it works under the current copyright law. It is a great positive step that provides homage and credit to the original artist and at the same time does not restrict the artist in expressing their artistic message. Conclusion Large music companies have taken it upon themselves to act as gatekeepers for the hip hop industry. They are continuing to litigate any copyright infringement. This monitoring, though required, works adversely when it hinders the creative and innovative process of sampling. Economic infeasibility has made some producers limit their sampling sources and some producers have innovated new techniques to hide, transform and re-contextualize their samples. Hip-hop culture is based on the creation of new music using inspiration from old music and there is great sense of collective work in this community. The hip-hop community works under internal sampling ethics, where due credit and homage is given to the original artist. The specific rules of ethics differ from one artist to another, but they continue to work under one ethical codeto pay due respect and attribution to the artist. Copyright laws need to be in place to enforce the rights of ownership, but reforms are needed in these laws, so the artists are not overburdened by legal and economical implications of these laws. The hip-hop artist need to have free culture and independence to source and work towards creating new, innovative, creative, and exciting music. Stealing lyrics is outright plagiarism but borrowing cadence and delivery is different. Sampling sounds and taking inspiration from older music is as hip-hop as rhyming and lyrics itself.

All Kinds Of Addictions And Their Consequences Of...

Even today I can still remember my graduation from preschool. I was only five years old at the time. At the ceremony my class-mates and I were asked what we wanted to be when we grow up. The world seemed so big at the time and every adult looked like they accomplished so much in their lives. Some of us said we wanted to be singers or professional athletes. Others wanted to be soldiers, doctors, or millionaires. Every person has had dreams of accomplishing great things and being successful. Everyone has goals. Yet, very few are able to accomplish the desires for their lives. Why are so many unable to complete their goals? Ones future can be quickly altered by the consequences of unhealthy decisions. Unfortunately, these decisions can become habits; and from habits, form addictions. All kinds of addictions are the main cause of unaccomplished goals. Therefore, addictions must be understood in order to live a healthy life. An addiction is defined as a â€Å"chronic, relapsing disease a ffecting the brain’s reward, motivation, and related systems† (2). The word addiction is based from a latin term meaning â€Å"enslaved or bound to†. Addictions have a very strong influence on the brain, which manifests in three ways; craving for the source of addiction, loss of control over its use, and continuing involvement (no matter the consequences). No one ever plans on becoming an addict; yet, many still find themselves bound by addiction. This is because of the way the body handles pleasure. NoShow MoreRelatedAddiction: Is it a Disease or a Choice? Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesAddiction: is it a disease or a choice? A disease can be described as â€Å"a disorder of structure or function that produces specific signs or symptoms, or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of a physical injury.† Knowing this, one can believe addiction is a disease. 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Australian Government Multicultural Policy-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Australian Government Multicultural Policy. Answer: Introduction Multiculturalism, ethnic diversity and cultural tolerance have always been the policy of the Australian government. Multiculturalism means tolerance towards every culture (Castles, Hugo Vasta, 2013). Post Second World War in the year 1973 Australia abolished the White Australia policy and incorporated migration on the expectation that migrants would shed their language and culture to become equal of the host population (Joseph, 2017). Australian government also segregated expanse to assist the migrants for their welfare and development (Ng Metz, 2015). The Australian Parliament stood by racial tolerance saying equal rights to all Australians irrespective of their race, origin, creed or color. The government had incorporated the term Multiculturalism in the same year that allowed migrants to form national association to promote their culture and heritage and for the survival of their language (Collins, 2013). Multicultural Policy of Australia Australia considers its multicultural diversification to be the national identity and a prominent landmark in Australian history and character. Multicultural diversification in Australia is in the favor of national interest of the country as well as culminating linguistic, cultural and religious diversity within the country (Keddie, 2014). Multicultural policy of Australia had given privilege to the people residing in Australia to share and practice their culture and tradition within the country (Joseph, 2017). Today, one among four Australian is born overseas which comprises of the nations total population of 22 million people. According to a report, 44 percent of the Australian population was born overseas or have parents who were (Ng Metz, 2015). It also states that around 4 million Australian people speak language different than English. Australias multicultural advisory council is endorsing multiculturalism within Australia (Ho, 2013). According to them embracing multiculturali sm will benefit and strengthen the community and will bring values and tradition in the society. It aims to formulate an environment that provides equitable service to the Australians. Australian character towards multi diverse community has given the country a competitive edge in the globalised environment (Ozdowski, 2013). Principles of Australian Multicultural Policy Principle 1: Australias diverse culture propagates its policy as everyone belongs. Australia recognizes and celebrates the diversity within the national legal framework. It aims at unity, harmony and maintaining democratic values (Keddie, 2014). The contrast of this principle is in the facts that, apart from being a diverse country with a wide range of people who belong form different ethnic background, the only language, which is taught in the schools and is encouraged by the government is English. Principle 2: Australian government has taken an oath to provide socially cohesive society, meaning everyone would be eligible to benefit from the resource and opportunity provided by the country (Modood, 2013). Citizen of Australian from diverse background is entitled to access to government service. It will make the Australian citizen understand their value in the country, so that they will participate wholeheartedly for the betterment of the society (Pietsch, 2013). In Australia is a growing issue within the country of the people who are immigrants and are looking for places to stay. A feeling o uncertainty and even aggression is observed towards certain kinds of immigrants is growing and becoming a common phenomenon. There is a contrast in the outlook of people regarding immigration policies. Australia have been perceived as tolerant society and its recent policies on compulsory custody for refuge seekers gives rise to a contradictory situation that mirrors a sense of lack of confidence that seems to be implanted in the people of Australia. Principle 3: Immigrants in Australia are skilled and can provide well for the labor-based industry. Economic renewal and prosperity brought by these immigrants in the community have opened the door of Australia to the world. The diversity of the nation has given Australia the competitive edge it needs in the global market (Ng Metz, 2015). There are several cases of illegal immigration and refugee issues, which are arising on a daily basis and there are hardly any policies to combat the situation or to elevate the situation of such immigration in the country. Principle 4: Australian government is willing to provide protection against social discrimination and is intolerant towards racism. Racism and social discrimination affect lives of people, both well being and health of the people (Pietsch, 2013). It also denies opportunity to access services and benefits provided by the government. Thus, Australian government stand against discrimination, racism, prejudice and intolerance have given them the edge in the global market (Ozdowski, 2013). Acceptance of Aborigines has been one of the greatest setbacks of Australias multiculturalism. Aborigines are of the view that their rights and position being singularly different. The government has not solved this problem regarding the acceptance of Aborigines yet. Responsibility and Right Australias multicultural society and democracy is built on the fundamental right and responsibility of people residing in Australia. Upholding democracy and law and respecting the liberties and rights of the nation is the key towards building a stronger nation (Modood, 2013). The rights enable the citizens of Australia to practice, celebrate and maintain their cultural tradition, language and heritage within law and free of any kind of discrimination (Ho, 2013). Future of Multicultural in Australia Australia as a nation will keep on evolving and will keep on diversifying its population. They will hold their ground of being multicultural to create equal opportunities for a stronger economy, prosperity and brighter future for Australia. Thus, it will bring the benefit of cultural and social diversity in the nation (Keddie, 2014). Initiatives Australian Multicultural Council (AMC) The government has established an independent body to advice and consults on policies regulated by government bodies on the topic of Multiculturalism (Ozdowski, 2013). AMC will have boarder reference in the Australia society, which are: It will act as an independent body in the multicultural country. It will formulate strong strategy regarding access and equity. It will research and advise the government on multicultural policy. It will conduct celebration on cultural diversification and organize activities on harmony day. AMC will keep on advising government on multicultural affaires. Government will appoint independent selection process for, free and fair selection. It will provide non-partisan and independent framework (Jakubowicz Ho, 2014). Anti Racism Australias strict policy on discrimination and racism is to develop, design and implement new strategy (Ozdowski, 2013). It will give effort on five key areas such as: Consultation and Research Public Awareness Education Youth Engagement Ongoing Evaluation It will help fragment other human rights programs and strength the bond between its citizens by formulating new strategies that will help builds on the resources available to them (Ho, 2013). Multicultural Sport Partnership Program Sports and recreational activities have always helped building communal and social cohesion (Baker Rowe, 2014). The Australian government has established Multicultural Youth Sports Partnership Program, which enables to create connection and help involve youth to form relationship with emerging communities and linguistically and culturally diverse background (Castles, Hugo Vasta, 2013). Cynic Aspect of the Situation Multiculturalism been incorporated in the Australian governance for more than 40 years now, but it is still remains as a matter of conflict among the common population of Australia (Castles, Hugo Vasta, 2013). However, multiculturalism has found resentment in the heart of the country since the Cronulla riot of 2005, where natives in the name of aggressive nationalism challenged multiculturalism (Collins, 2013). Though Australian society stands for multiculturalism, it never officially acknowledges the festivals or carnivals of other community (Metz et al. 2016). Similarly, the languages and cloths that are used by the diverse population of the country do not get any promotion form behalf of the Australian government (Pietsch, 2013). Some critics believe that the security of the nation will be at risk due to the promotion of multiculturalism, as it enclaves the society this will result into internal clash within the society (Joseph, 2017). The authenticity and the existence of their own culture will be at risk as well with the increase in immigration and refugees from outside the boarders (Blair, 2015). Due to this, there has been a subsequent fall of immigrants in the recent past. The host nation is quite expensive for the taste of immigrants, who find it hard to settle in Australia (Collins, 2013). Australias other policies restricts the resident of the nation to chaperon parents from another country and making them natives. Though there are strict policies against racism in Australia, the diverse subcultures of the region always find it difficult to co-exist with each other resulting in an outburst (Modood, 2013). Recently there have been several incidents regarding racial discrimination and unrest among the Australian population. For example, there has been an increased incident against the Islamic community (Ho, 2013). Conclusion Australia welcomes people from all caste, creed, color and race to participate in the wellbeing and development of the country. The government of Australia organizes a lot of programs and services to empower people coming from different cultural and ethnic background. Australia regulates strong policies to discourage discrimination and racism. Australias motto of collectivism has given them the edge of competency in the market of globalization. Australias favors of diver society have given them skilled labors that have helped the nation to have economical growth, prosperity in the community. It brings energy, enterprise and ingenuity in the society. Diverse culture and multilingual workforce have given Australia the competitive edge in the globalised world. It is also important to understand that the multiculturalism policy as incorporated by the Australian government without consulting and support of the public, is taking a toll now as people is now being repulsive about the entire thing. People believe that diversity in the nation is a deleterious effect of multiculturalism and adding to that is perpetuated growth, because waves of immigrants flocked into the nation. Reference list: Baker, S. A., Rowe, D. (2014). Mediating mega events and manufacturing multiculturalism: The cultural politics of the world game in Australia.Journal of Sociology,50(3), 299-314. Blair, K. (2015). Young adults attitudes towards multiculturalism in Australia: tensions between the multicultural state and the intercultural citizen.Journal of Intercultural Studies,36(4), 431-449. Castles, S., Hugo, G., Vasta, E. (2013). Rethinking migration and diversity in Australia: introduction.Journal of Intercultural Studies,34(2), 115-121. Collins, J. (2013). Multiculturalism and immigrant integration in Australia.Canadian Ethnic Studies,45(3), 133-149. Ho, C. (2013). From social justice to social cohesion: a history of Australian multicultural policy.'For those who've come across the seas': Australian multicultural theory, policy and practice. Jakubowicz, A., Ho, C. (Eds.). (2014).For those whove come across the seas...: Australian Multicultural Theory, Policy and Practice. Anthem Press. Joseph, R. (2017). Multiculturalism: a liberal perspective.Postfilosofie, (2), 29-49. Keddie, A. (2014). Australian multicultural policy: Social cohesion through a political conception of autonomy.Journal of sociology,50(4), 408-421. Metz, I., Ng, E. S., Cornelius, N., Hoobler, J. M., Nkomo, S. (2016). 5. A comparative review of multiculturalism in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States and South Africa.Research Handbook of International and Comparative Perspectives on Diversity Management, 131. Modood, T. (2013).Multiculturalism. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Ng, E. S., Metz, I. (2015). Multiculturalism as a strategy for national competitiveness: The case for Canada and Australia.Journal of Business Ethics,128(2), 253-266. Ozdowski, S. (2013). Australian multiculturalism. The roots of its success.Promoting changes in times of transition and crisis: Reflections on human rights education. Krakow: Ksiegarnia Akademicka. Retrieved from: https://? www.? akademicka.? pl. Pietsch, J. (2013). Immigration and refugees: punctuations in the Commonwealth policy agenda.Australian Journal of Public Administration,72(2), 143-155

The Key Dimensions of Quality

Introduction Over time, several debates have been conducted by various scholars to aptly define quality. In essence, quality is a simple concept. However, there are many dynamics and aspects that are variably used by scholars to pin-point the exact meaning of quality. It is for this reason that quality means different things to different people and countless of debates are still ongoing to find an aptly fitting definition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Key Dimensions of Quality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For the purpose of this paper, quality will be generally, yet representatively inclusive, defined as the ability of a product or service to meet the expected needs of its clients (Pereira, 2008). In this definition, several vital aspects such as performance, perceived quality, value and aesthetic value have to be put into consideration. It is with this—and many other reasons in mind—that this paper seeks to define the key aspects of quality. In doing so, fitting examples from the field of Human Resource Management (HRM) will be used to exemplify each of the defined dimensions Performance According to Seidel et al. (2009), performance simply refers to the assessment of whether a product or service has performed as it is purposed to do. In assessing performance, an evaluation has to be done on the strengths and weaknesses of the product or service then an overall rating is done as to whether it performed or not. For example, in HR Management, performance can be measured by assessing whether the workers of a company served its clients appropriately. From a managerial perspective, performance majorly entails profitability by the company, satisfaction of clients and satisfaction of the workers (Pilbeam Corbridge, 2006). Features Just like the name suggests, features refer to the specific attributes, traits or characteristics of a product or service that enables it to s erve its intended purpose (Gibbs, 2010). Other than enabling a product or service to serve its purpose in terms of performance, features also play the irreplaceable role of defining a particular product or service in aspects such as brand management. A good example of such is the difference in features of phones from companies like Nokia, Apple and Samsung. For efficacy in HR Management, there has to be close coordination between the managers, workers and clients so that products and services are tailored with the appropriate features that meet the needs of the target market (Seidel et al., 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reliability With regards to HR Management, reliability emphasizes on the trustworthiness or dependability of a product of service over a given period of time. In assessing the quality, a product or service must be able to perform as is required over a given period of time while intermittently being able to avoid unnecessary brake-downs, failures and down-times (Gibbs, 2010). For example, reliability of a HR manager can be assessed by his ability to perform his duties in a dependable way over a particular duration. Just like features, reliability goes a long way in portraying a company image thus should be keenly considered by those in charge of quality issues in the company. Conformance This dimension of quality answers the question; does a product or service conform to the required features or specifications? Conformance can be based on various aspects of quality. For example, some products or services are specifically designed to conform to reliability whereas others are simply for performance. In HR Management, conformance is sometimes used to refer to the ability of a product or service to match up with the requirements in the market (Bratton Gold, 2007). For instance, based on the ever increasing relevance and importance of IT (Information and Technology) issues in today’s business-oriented world; most recruitment personnel in companies have made it mandatory for the prospective workers to have basic knowledge in IT. In this regard, the need to have IT-compliant workers is viewed as a form of compliance to the elemental importance of knowledge in IT. Durability In most occasions, durability is viewed as a subset of reliability. This is majorly based on the relevance of the aspect of time. However, unlike reliability which stresses more-or-less on performance, durability is chiefly concerned with the quality of a product or service based on its ability to function effectively and last over a long period of time. Additionally, durability strongly considers issues such as tare and ware of a product. The durability of a product hugely determines crucial aspects of quality such as warranty. As a general rule, products or services that are durable tend to have longer warranties than those with less durability. Based on such knowledge on durability, HR Managers can easily tailor their products and services to be durable so as to attract and retain as many customers as possible (Pilbeam Corbridge, 2006). Serviceability Serviceability simply refers to the ease in maintenance of a product or service. Most products that are reliable and durable witness less functionality and performance problems thus easily serviceable. It is worth noting that, based on their simplistic features or components, some products are easy to maintain.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Key Dimensions of Quality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, vehicles tend to be more difficult to service when compared to motorcycles. This ease or difficulty of product maintenance is also referred to as serviceability. For HR Managers, serviceability is not only vital in terms of maintenance and repair of products for performance of t hese products but it also helps in cost-efficacy since well maintained products are less faulty thus less need to incur costs in repairing or maintaining them. Aesthetics Aesthetics refer to the outward beauty of a product or service. In today’s world, beauty plays an important role in marketing of products or services. It is based on this reason that HR Managers in most, if not all, companies usually strive to create aesthetic products and services attract clients (Gibbs, 2010). Tare and ware often destroys the aesthetic value of a product. It is during such instances that aspects of quality such as serviceability come in handy in-terms of conducting maintenance and repairs. Perceived Quality The manner in which human beings perceive things greatly determines how they get to deal with day-to-day endeavors. Aptly put in the words of Pereira (2008), â€Å"perception is reality†, in other words, our perceptions determine our realities. Needless to say, different people p erceive different things in different ways based on differences in cultures, beliefs or even religious backgrounds. These differences hugely determine how these people interpret the quality of certain products or services. For example, conservative societies tend to appreciate â€Å"decent† clothing like full dresses for women. In the permissive societies, decency plays a very minor role and that’s the reason women in such societies can get to walk in the streets with very exposing clothes in the name of fashion. Consequently, HR Managers should preliminarily be aware of the perceptions of their clients. Once they have firm background knowledge on the people targeted by their products and services, it will be relatively easy to serve them fittingly. Value In most instances, value and quality are often used synonymously and interchangeably since they tend to refer to the same thing. The value of a product or service is usually based on almost all the dimensions of quali ty that have been discussed above. The distinguishing feature that separates value from quality is that, in a good number of instances, value hugely relies on individual perceptions and the sentimental or emotional element of products or services. On the other hand, quality tends to be a combination of all the aforementioned aspects balanced in a more-or-less universally accepted way. Over time, HR Managers have been able to study the perceptions and values of individuals or groups of people in regards to quality and it has been found that the value of a product can be easily created by market controllers when compared to other aspects such as durability. Through such mechanisms, products or services whose quality is spiraling downwards can be easily rejuvenated by these HR Managers (Adams Goldbard, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion From the discussions above, it is eminently evident that all the key dimensions discussed herein are interrelated in one way or another. The success of one dimension hugely determines the success of the other. So, if overall efficacy is to be witnessed in terms of quality of products or services, HR Managers, and other concerned parties, must find a way of ensuring that all these dimensions of quality are equally facilitated. References Adams, D., Goldbard, A. (2002). Community, culture and globalization. New York: Rockefeller Foundation. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2007). Human resource management: theory and practice (4th ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Gibbs, G. (2010). Dimensions of quality. Retrieved from http://uadm.uu.se/digitalAssets/91/a_91639-f_Dimensions-of-Quality.pdf Pereira, R. (2008). 8 dimensions of quality. Web. Pilbeam, S., Corbridge, M. (2006). People resourcing: contemporary hrm in practice. London, UK: Prentice Hall. Seidel, S., Tishman, S., Winn er, E., Hetland, L., Palmer, P. (2009). The qualities of quality: Understanding excellence in arts education. 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