Hip Hop and its relation to lyrical and musical plagiarism and copyright laws - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2537 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Music Essay Level High school Topics: Hip Hop Essay Did you like this example? Plagiarism, as defined in the Oxford English dictionary, is the action of taking someone elses work and pretending it is your own work [1]. Musical plagiarism has gone through many perceptions from the earlier centuries to the recent times. Musical plagiarism can occur lyrically or instrumentally, when someone steals someone elses components and represents it as his or her own. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hip Hop and its relation to lyrical and musical plagiarism and copyright laws" essay for you Create order One of the first instances of plagiarism was during the times shortly after Mozart and Beethoven, where the similar ideas that first occurred to them were used in the songs by composers Mendelssohn and Wagner. Since the world was convinced of the integrity of these men, they werent charged with plagiarism and the similarities were considered to be pure chance resemblance [2]. In the 20th Century, plagiarism became more noticeable and the concept of chance resemblance was no longer feasible. The legal concept of copyright law was established to promote science and the useful arts. The music industry also falls into the purview of the copyright laws. Internet is a double edged sword in the music industry. On one hand it has popularized many genres of music and increased accessibility to larger variety of music. But on the other hand it has become easy for music to be copied without paying homage to the original artist. This paper proposes the argument: As long as homage and credit are given to the original creators, nothing is plagiarized. An early example on unethical usage and clear case of plagiarism where the system did not react legally or economically is illustrated along with the landmark case where copyright laws were applied in the hip hop industry and its impact are used to illustrate the thesis of the paper and propose the intended opinion. Plagiarism ambiguity in Hip Hop Hip Hop first began as an underground culture in New York City in the 1970s and one of the important factors in its origin is Deejaying. DJs such as Kool Herc found various ways to edit and sample the music they were playing, with the help of turntables, so that it would be more appealing to their audiences. This was followed by the addition of spoken word elements to the music, with the usage of the microphone, which became known as MC-ing. Various artists such as Afrika Bambaata and Grandmaster Flash created pioneering works both audibly and vocally [3]. Then, the drum machine began to be commonly used in hip hop production (thanks to Bambaata) and this pioneered the process of beat making in hip hop. This was later accompanied by the usage of the sampler and the synthesizer which could be used to sample music more efficiently [4]. From then on, hip hop opened many opportunities for the creation of new music based on previous musical work. But some of these opportunities brought ab out controversy. Deejaying(sampling) in particular, is an integral element of hip hop. While sampling, hip-hop producers usually insert segments of recorded music into what they are creating. They also truncate samples to take only the useful sections and syncopate the sample so that it loops throughout the entire song. Sampling can be done instrumentally or lyrically. Powerful juxtapositions were created by hip-hop producers by re-combining and re-contextualizing sources [5]. A good example of re-contextualizing is the famous words from the All in the family sitcom about a white American bigot, Those were the days. These words were sampled into the Digital Tears song by GM Grimm. Grimm used these lyrics to convey a black mans world of crime, drugs, prison, and desperation. The context of the original source to the one that it was used in is completely different. Hip-hop sampling is not mere cutting and pasting existing material into your creation, but to redefine it to suit your c ontext and musical creation. In hip hop, plagiarism is defined as stealing another persons unpublished lyrics or instrumental production without giving them any credit. To equate sampling with plagiarism is not acceptable, because sampling uses the sources to create new meanings. Sampling is done with published musical work, but the introduction of the legal concept of copyright introduces more complexity in the distinction between sampling and plagiarism. The famous philosopher Michael Foucault stated that he did not use quotations or citations from the previous famous philosophers (eg: Marx) when he used their arguments to build his own ones in a recognizable manner. He expected the reader to be familiar with those arguments and be able to recognize them when they are read [5]. Similarly, sampling in hip hop is intended for the listener to recognize the effort to create new music that is inspired by old music. Hip Hop producers and MCs clearly do not intend to steal other peoples work and not give them any credit, but controversies can still arise due to copyright law. Hip hop culture is fosters on this ethical code of sampling from within the community. Copyright, which first originated in 1640 in Great Britain, is a form of property which can be bought and sold like any other. If a new work is to be built from a previous one, the previous work must be purchased in the sense that its original creator must permit the new creator to use his work in the building of his work [6]. Sampling infringes the copyrights on the original composition which involve whether licensing the sample from the copyright holders or risking legal action. In order to prevent legal implication, the new artist needs to use pre-cleared samples or needs to get copyrights from the original artist for its usage. Copyrights need to be obtained for the musical composition and the sound recording from the songwriter and the production house. In the early 2000s the creation of the internet added more ambiguity and complexity to this matter. This is owing to the fact that various materials are easily available to any user. Artists can easily upload their creations and these creations can be conveniently found by other artists who are looking for sources. Certain Websites like Youtube have become the common destination for new artist to find samples. Since the emergence of MP3 files, a significant amount of music can be freely downloaded by a wide variety of users at no charge, and so the process of piracy has become considerably more widespread. Musical content is occasionally available at a significantly low price from platforms such as Spotify (paid subscription) and Amazon (purchase) [7]. To prevent copyright violations and plagiarism, certain artists such as Jay-Z remove their musical work from these platforms and distribute their work from their own platforms at higher prices along with copyright license agreement. Illustrative cases This paper illustrates two cases with each attempting to show the evolution of hip-hop culture with respect to sampling and plagiarism. Hip hop music is so dependent on sampling, and making it artists version of music and expression. Since sampling was an accepted norm in hip-hop this example though being a clear cut case on plagiarism in the hip hop industry was not acted upon legally: The Grandmaster Caz and The Sugarhill gang. Rappers Delight was a great hip hop success and was created by a house band called the Sugarhill Gang. The Sugarhill Gang was made up of three MCs who had no street credibility. Sylvia Robinson (the owner of Sugarhill Records) put the group together. . Hank, who became a member of the Sugarhill Gang used to be the manager of Grandmaster Cazs (then known as Casanova Fly) hip hop group The Mighty Force, stole the lyrics from a book given to him by Grandmaster Caz and repeated the same words in the second verse of the Sugarhill gangs Rappers Delight. Such una uthorized borrowing of lyrics is abhorrence in hip hop culture, referred to pejoratively as biting.[3] The second verse of rappers delight was made by inauthentic practices. These unethical method falls into the exact definition of plagiarism. Even though people within the hip hop community did not approve of this, Rappers Delight demand with the audience became clear due to its compelling, fresh and controversial approach. This paved hip hop and rap music into a fungible commodity, where the boundaries of plagiarism are obscure. The second example is focused on the court case which shook the hip hop industry and created new norms in the copyright world for hip-hop: Grand Upright Music Limited v Warner Brothers Records. In this case, the hip hop artist Biz Markie was sued by the singer Gilbert O Sullivan for sampling his song Alone Again (Naturally). This was a sad song about the death of his parents which featured the piano predominantly. Biz Markie took the harmonizing piano chords along with the exact sound recording from the song and overlapped it with his rap music. According to Biz Markie this was an acceptable norm in the hip-hop culture where you sample from old music. The court ruled that sampling without permission can qualify as copyright infringement. The judgment changed the hip hop music industry, requiring that any future music sampling be preapproved by the original copyright owners to avoid a lawsuit. [5] Judge Duffys ruling in this case was critiqued by many and many opinioned that the jud ge ignored the fair use defense and categorized hip-hop sampling with theft. This ruling had the most negative view of sampling and also created a lot of limitation on new sound compositions. Synthesis and Analysis Prior to the historical case Grand Upright Music Limited v Warner Brothers Records copyright laws on sampling was ambiguous, but this case changed these common practices. All subsequent cases on copyright infringement which were levied against hip hop artists concluded that the hip hop artist willfully broke the law due to sampling practices. Nothing about sampling really mattered; the power got shifted into the copyright holder hands. This had a major impact on the creative nature of hip hop music. Using multiple sources became economically infeasible. So people stopped using expensive sources and started moving to more unconventional and less popular sources. The distinction between plagiarism and paying homage is murky, with these kinds of sources. It is important that we pay due attribution to the sources, without overly impacting the economical feasibility. The real battle is between creativity and the impact of attributions. The impact of attributions is both legal and economical. After the landmark copyright case, the economic impact of copyright has had negative impacts on the profit making of hip hop creations. Previously, artists used to have multiple layers of sources and this approach is no longer feasible at least economically. Major label artists have to take in the bureaucratic and financial cost of sample clearance and that is included into the creative process. Credit should be given to the artist where it is due and that is unquestionable. But the economical implications need to be reasonable. Today the cost to source from big artist has become very high that is the reason artist are refraining themselves from using popular sources. Big artists like Kanye West who are influential in sampling culture are being sloppy with securing permission for their samples. Kayne West uses obscure samples without giving any acknowledgeme nt to the original artist. Many artists struggle with this issue of giving credit. Popular hip-hop artists are trying to evade legal obligations as there is no well defined process to legally clear samples. This is happening because something is seriously broken in the system. There are an increased number of people who have turned to become consumers producing their own creations distributing music online. This has increased the availability of music online. This increased consumption and creation has led to a boarder and highly visible practice of sampling. The internet culture of consumption and creation has added to challenges for the copyright law. There are two ways in which music is distributed in the digital era. One is downloading and other is streaming. Since both these forms require a copy of the musical file to be downloaded either into the hard disk or the memory, the concept of ownership and usage starts to get obscure and leading to copyright violations. Distribution of these files without the copyright owners permission on the internet is a common practice. Clear case of infringement is when digital mp3 files are used to create new music without giving due homage to the original artist. Copyright laws are more complex in this digital age, because the concept of work is more abstract. New copyright law like the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 provides civil and criminal remedies against those who circumvent technological safeguards and tamper with copyright management information[11]. Since Hip Hop has gone global in the digital age, artists can now take inspiration from anywhere in the world and overlap is inevitable. Regional flows have now transcended due to hip hops growth. Technology changes more rapidly than the laws, inevitably internet technology is going to continue to cause unforeseen problems and complications in the hip hop industry. The fundamental need for copyright law is to recognize the contribution of the original owner and provide incentive for the creation of new works. A new concept of free culture by Lawrence Lessig and his company Creative Commons is streamlining the process of sampling clearing and therefore benefiting hip-hop artists. Artists can choose from a set of free licenses which range from one time use to continued usage as long as homage and due credit is given to the original artist. Creative Commons aims to build a movement of consumers and producerswho help build the public domain, and, by their work, demonstrate the importance of the public domain to other creativity (Lessig 283)[10]. An important aspect about free culture public domain is it works under the current copyright law. It is a great positive step that provides homage and credit to the original artist and at the same time does not restrict the artist in expressing their artistic message. Conclusion Large music companies have taken it upon themselves to act as gatekeepers for the hip hop industry. They are continuing to litigate any copyright infringement. This monitoring, though required, works adversely when it hinders the creative and innovative process of sampling. Economic infeasibility has made some producers limit their sampling sources and some producers have innovated new techniques to hide, transform and re-contextualize their samples. Hip-hop culture is based on the creation of new music using inspiration from old music and there is great sense of collective work in this community. The hip-hop community works under internal sampling ethics, where due credit and homage is given to the original artist. The specific rules of ethics differ from one artist to another, but they continue to work under one ethical codeto pay due respect and attribution to the artist. Copyright laws need to be in place to enforce the rights of ownership, but reforms are needed in these laws, so the artists are not overburdened by legal and economical implications of these laws. The hip-hop artist need to have free culture and independence to source and work towards creating new, innovative, creative, and exciting music. Stealing lyrics is outright plagiarism but borrowing cadence and delivery is different. Sampling sounds and taking inspiration from older music is as hip-hop as rhyming and lyrics itself.

All Kinds Of Addictions And Their Consequences Of...

Even today I can still remember my graduation from preschool. I was only five years old at the time. At the ceremony my class-mates and I were asked what we wanted to be when we grow up. The world seemed so big at the time and every adult looked like they accomplished so much in their lives. Some of us said we wanted to be singers or professional athletes. Others wanted to be soldiers, doctors, or millionaires. Every person has had dreams of accomplishing great things and being successful. Everyone has goals. Yet, very few are able to accomplish the desires for their lives. Why are so many unable to complete their goals? Ones future can be quickly altered by the consequences of unhealthy decisions. Unfortunately, these decisions can become habits; and from habits, form addictions. All kinds of addictions are the main cause of unaccomplished goals. Therefore, addictions must be understood in order to live a healthy life. An addiction is defined as a â€Å"chronic, relapsing disease a ffecting the brain’s reward, motivation, and related systems† (2). The word addiction is based from a latin term meaning â€Å"enslaved or bound to†. Addictions have a very strong influence on the brain, which manifests in three ways; craving for the source of addiction, loss of control over its use, and continuing involvement (no matter the consequences). No one ever plans on becoming an addict; yet, many still find themselves bound by addiction. This is because of the way the body handles pleasure. NoShow MoreRelatedAddiction: Is it a Disease or a Choice? Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesAddiction: is it a disease or a choice? A disease can be described as â€Å"a disorder of structure or function that produces specific signs or symptoms, or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of a physical injury.† Knowing this, one can believe addiction is a disease. 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Australian Government Multicultural Policy-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Australian Government Multicultural Policy. Answer: Introduction Multiculturalism, ethnic diversity and cultural tolerance have always been the policy of the Australian government. Multiculturalism means tolerance towards every culture (Castles, Hugo Vasta, 2013). Post Second World War in the year 1973 Australia abolished the White Australia policy and incorporated migration on the expectation that migrants would shed their language and culture to become equal of the host population (Joseph, 2017). Australian government also segregated expanse to assist the migrants for their welfare and development (Ng Metz, 2015). The Australian Parliament stood by racial tolerance saying equal rights to all Australians irrespective of their race, origin, creed or color. The government had incorporated the term Multiculturalism in the same year that allowed migrants to form national association to promote their culture and heritage and for the survival of their language (Collins, 2013). Multicultural Policy of Australia Australia considers its multicultural diversification to be the national identity and a prominent landmark in Australian history and character. Multicultural diversification in Australia is in the favor of national interest of the country as well as culminating linguistic, cultural and religious diversity within the country (Keddie, 2014). Multicultural policy of Australia had given privilege to the people residing in Australia to share and practice their culture and tradition within the country (Joseph, 2017). Today, one among four Australian is born overseas which comprises of the nations total population of 22 million people. According to a report, 44 percent of the Australian population was born overseas or have parents who were (Ng Metz, 2015). It also states that around 4 million Australian people speak language different than English. Australias multicultural advisory council is endorsing multiculturalism within Australia (Ho, 2013). According to them embracing multiculturali sm will benefit and strengthen the community and will bring values and tradition in the society. It aims to formulate an environment that provides equitable service to the Australians. Australian character towards multi diverse community has given the country a competitive edge in the globalised environment (Ozdowski, 2013). Principles of Australian Multicultural Policy Principle 1: Australias diverse culture propagates its policy as everyone belongs. Australia recognizes and celebrates the diversity within the national legal framework. It aims at unity, harmony and maintaining democratic values (Keddie, 2014). The contrast of this principle is in the facts that, apart from being a diverse country with a wide range of people who belong form different ethnic background, the only language, which is taught in the schools and is encouraged by the government is English. Principle 2: Australian government has taken an oath to provide socially cohesive society, meaning everyone would be eligible to benefit from the resource and opportunity provided by the country (Modood, 2013). Citizen of Australian from diverse background is entitled to access to government service. It will make the Australian citizen understand their value in the country, so that they will participate wholeheartedly for the betterment of the society (Pietsch, 2013). In Australia is a growing issue within the country of the people who are immigrants and are looking for places to stay. A feeling o uncertainty and even aggression is observed towards certain kinds of immigrants is growing and becoming a common phenomenon. There is a contrast in the outlook of people regarding immigration policies. Australia have been perceived as tolerant society and its recent policies on compulsory custody for refuge seekers gives rise to a contradictory situation that mirrors a sense of lack of confidence that seems to be implanted in the people of Australia. Principle 3: Immigrants in Australia are skilled and can provide well for the labor-based industry. Economic renewal and prosperity brought by these immigrants in the community have opened the door of Australia to the world. The diversity of the nation has given Australia the competitive edge it needs in the global market (Ng Metz, 2015). There are several cases of illegal immigration and refugee issues, which are arising on a daily basis and there are hardly any policies to combat the situation or to elevate the situation of such immigration in the country. Principle 4: Australian government is willing to provide protection against social discrimination and is intolerant towards racism. Racism and social discrimination affect lives of people, both well being and health of the people (Pietsch, 2013). It also denies opportunity to access services and benefits provided by the government. Thus, Australian government stand against discrimination, racism, prejudice and intolerance have given them the edge in the global market (Ozdowski, 2013). Acceptance of Aborigines has been one of the greatest setbacks of Australias multiculturalism. Aborigines are of the view that their rights and position being singularly different. The government has not solved this problem regarding the acceptance of Aborigines yet. Responsibility and Right Australias multicultural society and democracy is built on the fundamental right and responsibility of people residing in Australia. Upholding democracy and law and respecting the liberties and rights of the nation is the key towards building a stronger nation (Modood, 2013). The rights enable the citizens of Australia to practice, celebrate and maintain their cultural tradition, language and heritage within law and free of any kind of discrimination (Ho, 2013). Future of Multicultural in Australia Australia as a nation will keep on evolving and will keep on diversifying its population. They will hold their ground of being multicultural to create equal opportunities for a stronger economy, prosperity and brighter future for Australia. Thus, it will bring the benefit of cultural and social diversity in the nation (Keddie, 2014). Initiatives Australian Multicultural Council (AMC) The government has established an independent body to advice and consults on policies regulated by government bodies on the topic of Multiculturalism (Ozdowski, 2013). AMC will have boarder reference in the Australia society, which are: It will act as an independent body in the multicultural country. It will formulate strong strategy regarding access and equity. It will research and advise the government on multicultural policy. It will conduct celebration on cultural diversification and organize activities on harmony day. AMC will keep on advising government on multicultural affaires. Government will appoint independent selection process for, free and fair selection. It will provide non-partisan and independent framework (Jakubowicz Ho, 2014). Anti Racism Australias strict policy on discrimination and racism is to develop, design and implement new strategy (Ozdowski, 2013). It will give effort on five key areas such as: Consultation and Research Public Awareness Education Youth Engagement Ongoing Evaluation It will help fragment other human rights programs and strength the bond between its citizens by formulating new strategies that will help builds on the resources available to them (Ho, 2013). Multicultural Sport Partnership Program Sports and recreational activities have always helped building communal and social cohesion (Baker Rowe, 2014). The Australian government has established Multicultural Youth Sports Partnership Program, which enables to create connection and help involve youth to form relationship with emerging communities and linguistically and culturally diverse background (Castles, Hugo Vasta, 2013). Cynic Aspect of the Situation Multiculturalism been incorporated in the Australian governance for more than 40 years now, but it is still remains as a matter of conflict among the common population of Australia (Castles, Hugo Vasta, 2013). However, multiculturalism has found resentment in the heart of the country since the Cronulla riot of 2005, where natives in the name of aggressive nationalism challenged multiculturalism (Collins, 2013). Though Australian society stands for multiculturalism, it never officially acknowledges the festivals or carnivals of other community (Metz et al. 2016). Similarly, the languages and cloths that are used by the diverse population of the country do not get any promotion form behalf of the Australian government (Pietsch, 2013). Some critics believe that the security of the nation will be at risk due to the promotion of multiculturalism, as it enclaves the society this will result into internal clash within the society (Joseph, 2017). The authenticity and the existence of their own culture will be at risk as well with the increase in immigration and refugees from outside the boarders (Blair, 2015). Due to this, there has been a subsequent fall of immigrants in the recent past. The host nation is quite expensive for the taste of immigrants, who find it hard to settle in Australia (Collins, 2013). Australias other policies restricts the resident of the nation to chaperon parents from another country and making them natives. Though there are strict policies against racism in Australia, the diverse subcultures of the region always find it difficult to co-exist with each other resulting in an outburst (Modood, 2013). Recently there have been several incidents regarding racial discrimination and unrest among the Australian population. For example, there has been an increased incident against the Islamic community (Ho, 2013). Conclusion Australia welcomes people from all caste, creed, color and race to participate in the wellbeing and development of the country. The government of Australia organizes a lot of programs and services to empower people coming from different cultural and ethnic background. Australia regulates strong policies to discourage discrimination and racism. Australias motto of collectivism has given them the edge of competency in the market of globalization. Australias favors of diver society have given them skilled labors that have helped the nation to have economical growth, prosperity in the community. It brings energy, enterprise and ingenuity in the society. Diverse culture and multilingual workforce have given Australia the competitive edge in the globalised world. It is also important to understand that the multiculturalism policy as incorporated by the Australian government without consulting and support of the public, is taking a toll now as people is now being repulsive about the entire thing. People believe that diversity in the nation is a deleterious effect of multiculturalism and adding to that is perpetuated growth, because waves of immigrants flocked into the nation. Reference list: Baker, S. A., Rowe, D. (2014). Mediating mega events and manufacturing multiculturalism: The cultural politics of the world game in Australia.Journal of Sociology,50(3), 299-314. Blair, K. (2015). Young adults attitudes towards multiculturalism in Australia: tensions between the multicultural state and the intercultural citizen.Journal of Intercultural Studies,36(4), 431-449. Castles, S., Hugo, G., Vasta, E. (2013). Rethinking migration and diversity in Australia: introduction.Journal of Intercultural Studies,34(2), 115-121. Collins, J. (2013). Multiculturalism and immigrant integration in Australia.Canadian Ethnic Studies,45(3), 133-149. Ho, C. (2013). From social justice to social cohesion: a history of Australian multicultural policy.'For those who've come across the seas': Australian multicultural theory, policy and practice. Jakubowicz, A., Ho, C. (Eds.). (2014).For those whove come across the seas...: Australian Multicultural Theory, Policy and Practice. Anthem Press. Joseph, R. (2017). Multiculturalism: a liberal perspective.Postfilosofie, (2), 29-49. Keddie, A. (2014). Australian multicultural policy: Social cohesion through a political conception of autonomy.Journal of sociology,50(4), 408-421. Metz, I., Ng, E. S., Cornelius, N., Hoobler, J. M., Nkomo, S. (2016). 5. A comparative review of multiculturalism in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States and South Africa.Research Handbook of International and Comparative Perspectives on Diversity Management, 131. Modood, T. (2013).Multiculturalism. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Ng, E. S., Metz, I. (2015). Multiculturalism as a strategy for national competitiveness: The case for Canada and Australia.Journal of Business Ethics,128(2), 253-266. Ozdowski, S. (2013). Australian multiculturalism. The roots of its success.Promoting changes in times of transition and crisis: Reflections on human rights education. Krakow: Ksiegarnia Akademicka. Retrieved from: https://? www.? akademicka.? pl. Pietsch, J. (2013). Immigration and refugees: punctuations in the Commonwealth policy agenda.Australian Journal of Public Administration,72(2), 143-155

The Key Dimensions of Quality

Introduction Over time, several debates have been conducted by various scholars to aptly define quality. In essence, quality is a simple concept. However, there are many dynamics and aspects that are variably used by scholars to pin-point the exact meaning of quality. It is for this reason that quality means different things to different people and countless of debates are still ongoing to find an aptly fitting definition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Key Dimensions of Quality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For the purpose of this paper, quality will be generally, yet representatively inclusive, defined as the ability of a product or service to meet the expected needs of its clients (Pereira, 2008). In this definition, several vital aspects such as performance, perceived quality, value and aesthetic value have to be put into consideration. It is with this—and many other reasons in mind—that this paper seeks to define the key aspects of quality. In doing so, fitting examples from the field of Human Resource Management (HRM) will be used to exemplify each of the defined dimensions Performance According to Seidel et al. (2009), performance simply refers to the assessment of whether a product or service has performed as it is purposed to do. In assessing performance, an evaluation has to be done on the strengths and weaknesses of the product or service then an overall rating is done as to whether it performed or not. For example, in HR Management, performance can be measured by assessing whether the workers of a company served its clients appropriately. From a managerial perspective, performance majorly entails profitability by the company, satisfaction of clients and satisfaction of the workers (Pilbeam Corbridge, 2006). Features Just like the name suggests, features refer to the specific attributes, traits or characteristics of a product or service that enables it to s erve its intended purpose (Gibbs, 2010). Other than enabling a product or service to serve its purpose in terms of performance, features also play the irreplaceable role of defining a particular product or service in aspects such as brand management. A good example of such is the difference in features of phones from companies like Nokia, Apple and Samsung. For efficacy in HR Management, there has to be close coordination between the managers, workers and clients so that products and services are tailored with the appropriate features that meet the needs of the target market (Seidel et al., 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reliability With regards to HR Management, reliability emphasizes on the trustworthiness or dependability of a product of service over a given period of time. In assessing the quality, a product or service must be able to perform as is required over a given period of time while intermittently being able to avoid unnecessary brake-downs, failures and down-times (Gibbs, 2010). For example, reliability of a HR manager can be assessed by his ability to perform his duties in a dependable way over a particular duration. Just like features, reliability goes a long way in portraying a company image thus should be keenly considered by those in charge of quality issues in the company. Conformance This dimension of quality answers the question; does a product or service conform to the required features or specifications? Conformance can be based on various aspects of quality. For example, some products or services are specifically designed to conform to reliability whereas others are simply for performance. In HR Management, conformance is sometimes used to refer to the ability of a product or service to match up with the requirements in the market (Bratton Gold, 2007). For instance, based on the ever increasing relevance and importance of IT (Information and Technology) issues in today’s business-oriented world; most recruitment personnel in companies have made it mandatory for the prospective workers to have basic knowledge in IT. In this regard, the need to have IT-compliant workers is viewed as a form of compliance to the elemental importance of knowledge in IT. Durability In most occasions, durability is viewed as a subset of reliability. This is majorly based on the relevance of the aspect of time. However, unlike reliability which stresses more-or-less on performance, durability is chiefly concerned with the quality of a product or service based on its ability to function effectively and last over a long period of time. Additionally, durability strongly considers issues such as tare and ware of a product. The durability of a product hugely determines crucial aspects of quality such as warranty. As a general rule, products or services that are durable tend to have longer warranties than those with less durability. Based on such knowledge on durability, HR Managers can easily tailor their products and services to be durable so as to attract and retain as many customers as possible (Pilbeam Corbridge, 2006). Serviceability Serviceability simply refers to the ease in maintenance of a product or service. Most products that are reliable and durable witness less functionality and performance problems thus easily serviceable. It is worth noting that, based on their simplistic features or components, some products are easy to maintain.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Key Dimensions of Quality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, vehicles tend to be more difficult to service when compared to motorcycles. This ease or difficulty of product maintenance is also referred to as serviceability. For HR Managers, serviceability is not only vital in terms of maintenance and repair of products for performance of t hese products but it also helps in cost-efficacy since well maintained products are less faulty thus less need to incur costs in repairing or maintaining them. Aesthetics Aesthetics refer to the outward beauty of a product or service. In today’s world, beauty plays an important role in marketing of products or services. It is based on this reason that HR Managers in most, if not all, companies usually strive to create aesthetic products and services attract clients (Gibbs, 2010). Tare and ware often destroys the aesthetic value of a product. It is during such instances that aspects of quality such as serviceability come in handy in-terms of conducting maintenance and repairs. Perceived Quality The manner in which human beings perceive things greatly determines how they get to deal with day-to-day endeavors. Aptly put in the words of Pereira (2008), â€Å"perception is reality†, in other words, our perceptions determine our realities. Needless to say, different people p erceive different things in different ways based on differences in cultures, beliefs or even religious backgrounds. These differences hugely determine how these people interpret the quality of certain products or services. For example, conservative societies tend to appreciate â€Å"decent† clothing like full dresses for women. In the permissive societies, decency plays a very minor role and that’s the reason women in such societies can get to walk in the streets with very exposing clothes in the name of fashion. Consequently, HR Managers should preliminarily be aware of the perceptions of their clients. Once they have firm background knowledge on the people targeted by their products and services, it will be relatively easy to serve them fittingly. Value In most instances, value and quality are often used synonymously and interchangeably since they tend to refer to the same thing. The value of a product or service is usually based on almost all the dimensions of quali ty that have been discussed above. The distinguishing feature that separates value from quality is that, in a good number of instances, value hugely relies on individual perceptions and the sentimental or emotional element of products or services. On the other hand, quality tends to be a combination of all the aforementioned aspects balanced in a more-or-less universally accepted way. Over time, HR Managers have been able to study the perceptions and values of individuals or groups of people in regards to quality and it has been found that the value of a product can be easily created by market controllers when compared to other aspects such as durability. Through such mechanisms, products or services whose quality is spiraling downwards can be easily rejuvenated by these HR Managers (Adams Goldbard, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion From the discussions above, it is eminently evident that all the key dimensions discussed herein are interrelated in one way or another. The success of one dimension hugely determines the success of the other. So, if overall efficacy is to be witnessed in terms of quality of products or services, HR Managers, and other concerned parties, must find a way of ensuring that all these dimensions of quality are equally facilitated. References Adams, D., Goldbard, A. (2002). Community, culture and globalization. New York: Rockefeller Foundation. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2007). Human resource management: theory and practice (4th ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Gibbs, G. (2010). Dimensions of quality. Retrieved from http://uadm.uu.se/digitalAssets/91/a_91639-f_Dimensions-of-Quality.pdf Pereira, R. (2008). 8 dimensions of quality. Web. Pilbeam, S., Corbridge, M. (2006). People resourcing: contemporary hrm in practice. London, UK: Prentice Hall. Seidel, S., Tishman, S., Winn er, E., Hetland, L., Palmer, P. (2009). The qualities of quality: Understanding excellence in arts education. Retrieved from https://www.wallacefoundation.org/knowledge-center/Documents/Understanding-Excellence-in-Arts-Education.pdf This essay on The Key Dimensions of Quality was written and submitted by user Isai Hardin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Diminishing Returns Essays - Production Economics, Economics Laws

Diminishing Returns Essays - Production Economics, Economics Laws Diminishing Returns Law of Diminishing Returns The Law of diminishing returns is a key one in economics. It is used to explain many of the ways the economy works and changes. It is a relatively simple idea; spending and investing more and more in a product where one of the factors of production remains the same means the enterprise will eventually run out of steam. The returns will begin to diminish in the long run. If more fertilizer and better machinery are used on an acre of farmland, the yield will increase for a while but then begin to slow and become flat. A farmer can only get so much out of the land, and the more the farmer works, the harder it gets. The economic reason for diminishing returns of capital is as follows: When the capital stock is low, there are many workers for each machine, and the benefits of increasing capital further are great; but when the capital stock is high, workers already have plenty of capital to work with, and little benefit is to be gained from expanding capital further. For example, in a secr etarial pool in which there are many more secretaries than computer terminals, each terminal is constantly being utilized and secretaries must waste time waiting for a free terminal. In this situation, the benefit in terms of increased output of adding extra terminals is high. However, if there are already as many terminals as secretaries, so that terminals are often idle and there is no waiting for a terminal to become available, little additional output can be obtained by adding yet another terminal. Another application for this law is in Athletics, for runners, their investment is the time and energy put into training and the yield is hopefully improved fitness. Early in their running careers or early in the training program a couple of weeks of regular training would be rewarded with a considerable increase in fitness. Having achieved a very fit state though, two weeks of regular training will achieve a barely perceptible increase in fitness. But in todays world, this famous law seems to have been turned on its head. In Japan, for example, huge amounts of investment have resulted in large increases in the economy and large increases in capital goods per worker. But the rate of productivity growth did not decline the way one would have expected on the basis of diminishing returns. Japan got ahead and stayed ahead.

Four Studying Tips for an Essay Test

Four Studying Tips for an Essay Test Test day is here. You’ve packed your brain full of definitions, dates, and details, preparing for a marathon of multiple choice and true false questions, and now you’re staring at a single, solitary, terrifying essay question. How could this happen? You’re suddenly fighting for your life (okay, a grade), and your only weapons are a blank piece of paper and a pencil. What can you do? Next time, prepare for the test as if you know it will be an essay test.​ Why Do Teachers Use Essay Questions? Essay questions are based on themes and overall ideas. Teachers like to use essay questions because they give students the opportunity to express everything they’ve learned over the weeks or months, using their own words. Essay test answers reveal more than the bare facts, though. When submitting essay answers, students are expected to cover lots of information in an organized, sensible manner. But what if you prepare for an essay question and the teacher doesn’t ask one? No problem. If you use these tips and understand the themes and ideas of the test period, the other questions will come easily. 4 Essay Question Study Tips Review chapter titles. Textbook chapters often refer to themes. Look at each relevant title and think of smaller ideas, chains of events, and relevant terms that fit within that theme.As you take notes, look for teacher code words. If you hear your teacher use words like â€Å"once again we see† or â€Å"another similar event occurred,† make note of it. Anything that indicates a pattern or chain of events is key.Think of a theme every day. Every few nights as you review your class notes, look for themes. Come up with your own essay questions based on your themes.Practice your essay questions. As you do, make sure you use vocabulary terms found in your notes and text. Underline them as you go, and go back to review their relevance. If you take effective notes and think in terms of themes as you study each night, you’ll be prepared for every type of test question. You’ll soon find that, in understanding the theme of each lesson or chapter, you’ll begin to think more like your teacher thinks. You will also begin to form a deeper understanding of the test material overall.

Cargo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cargo - Essay Example This report will discuss the opportunities that Etihad cargo needs to adopt in order to continue with its outstanding performance and to ensure that the cargo business is growing. It is believed that the current Etihad Cargo warehouse is worn out since it is not operating toward achieving the goal of the company. The company needs to look at various issues that are leading to this situation this is because, the cargo business is said to increase tremendously. Plans are underway to ensure that the company acquires new freighters and open new destinations so as to increase its opportunities of making more profits. New freighters will imply that the company opens up a modern warehouse with the capacity to handle large cargos. The current warehouse is small and in poor state to handle large cargoes in that it is ill equipped to an extent that it cannot sustain live animals for more than six hours. The racks in the warehouse are damaged which leads to unavailability of space. The new warehouse is required to handle cargoes that come in and out from all corners of the world. This will mean that the company has new facility which will open opportunity to present new business lines. It is vital for the company to change its managerial style since imports and exports have increased which makes products management more intricate. Warehouse management will foresee some benefits to Etihad Cargo such as enhanced order fulfillment expediency, potentiality to meet specific requirements made by customers and increase inventory accuracy. Despite the fact that warehouse management will be costly to cargo department, the benefits surpass the losses since the management will reduce errors and manage the warehouse keeping in mind that our cargo business in growing. The cargo sales department is given the responsibility of looking for business opportunities in places like Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Etihad Company ought to increase its shares in UAE

Reaction Paper #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reaction Paper #1 - Essay Example In the end an air hostess walks in and offers the boy an ice-cream which quells the competition after they decide they should have some to. This advertisement is a very good one as it manages to get it point across in a humorous and light hearted way. The message of the advert is based on the excellent experience one is able to gain from their services and they manage to depict it splendidly. They do this by depicting two famous personalities in two different sports who may argue but agree on one thing and that is the service of Qatar airlines. Their differences are seen by their struggle over the boy’s attention and their agreement is depicted when they both agree to get some ice scream. The use of the two stars is also a good strategy as it ensures that it catches the attention of their target audience which can be said to be fans of the two sports (that is, basketball and soccer). Using well known personalities is a good way of gaining the viewers attention in a short period of time (Arens 184). The various antics that the stars pull such as making balloon animals, give it an unexpected twist which can be used to keep the viewers interested. All in all, the advert keeps the viewers attention from the start to the finish and allows them to understand the point of the clip without putting much thought into it which is what a good advertisement is all about (Arens

Obesity Debate Essay Example for Free

Obesity Debate Essay In the five section article, â€Å"Rethinking Weight† by Amanda Spake, the author outlines the conflict surrounding whether obesity classifies as a disease. Spake discusses the prevalence of obesity in America and sheds light on the idea that obesity may contain genetic roots. The article continues with the author’s insights into whether weight or fitness retains the most importance. Spake concludes the article with thoughts on the growing concern of insurance coverage and obesity treatment. The author claims that â€Å"At the heart of this obesity epidemic is a debate over whether obesity is a biological ‘disease’ and should be treated like any other life-threatening illness – cancer, heart disease – or whether it is simply a risk factor for these killers† (282). Spake successfully supports the claim by incorporating a narrative account, explaining the biology, psychology, and scientific research of obesity, and stating how society may already classify obesity as a disease, but Spake strays from the idea of obesity qualifying as a disease when she describes the role insurance companies play when paying for obesity treatment. The article begins with a narrative account of Maria Pfisterer. Spake uses Maria Pfisterer’s story to reveal the struggles obesity and dieting inflict upon a person. According to the author, Pfisterer’s many attempted diets, in terms of weight â€Å"All resulted in a little lost and more regained,† which supports the idea of weight and dieting inflicting a constant burden in the lives of many Americans (282). Spake also included in the story of Pfisterer’s weight battle the idea that no matter how hard Pfisterer tried to lose weight or what method Pfisterer thought to try, the weight never permanently disappeared, which in turn supports the concept of obesity being more than just a physical ailment. The author also discusses the possible treatment of gastric bypass surgery for Pfisterer, which remains unavailable to Pfisterer due to the high cost and specific criteria an individual must possess in order to receive the surgery. The narrative story provides an appeal to emotions by showing one woman’s struggle with weight and the effect that struggle embodies in Pfisterer’s life. The story also provides a persuasive element, influencing a want for Pfisterer to achieve her personal weight goals. The author pinpoints a person’s biology and psychological state as possible factors in the development of obesity. Xavier Pi-Sunyer from the Obesity Research Center at St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital suggests â€Å"†¦obesity is a biologically determined process† (282). Many weight researchers also believe that â€Å"obesity is controlled by a powerful biological system of hormones, proteins, neurotransmitters, and genes that regulate fat storage and body weight and tell the brain when, what, and how much to eat† (284). Rudolph Leibel, a Columbia University geneticist, also states, â€Å"I believe there are strong genetic factors that determine susceptibility to obesity† (285). The given beliefs demonstrate how obesity qualifies as more than a personal decision. A person’s biology resists changes; therefore, the idea of obesity as a biological condition contains validity for Spake’s claim. The author also includes Brian Wansink’s perspective, â€Å"obesity is not just biology; it’s psychology† (286). The brain plays a key role in how obesity operates differently in individuals. The author continues to explain how, psychologically, obese individuals hold no control over the eating habits the overweight display. Spake’s inclusion of biological and psychological ideas presented by reliable professionals persuades critical audiences to agree with the author’s claim. Scientific research also plays a part in the obesity debate. Spake uses a variety of logos and ethos information to support the claim of the ongoing debate over the classification of obesity. The article incorporates the use of statistics from various studies on weight and obesity to solidify the author’s beliefs. The author gives a shocking statistic that â€Å"A majority of Americans—now 64   percent—are overweight or obese and struggling to conquer their expanding waistlines before their fat overtakes their health†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (282). A study done of twins showed that 20 to 70 percent of weight issues developed through inheritance. Another study conducted by RTI International and the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions stated, â€Å"the nation is spending about $75 billion a year on weight-related disease† (283). Spake even includes the statistic saying that, â€Å"Simply eating with one other person increases the average amount eaten at meals by 44 percent,† which refers to the psychological aspect of obesity (286). The author’s use of statistical information provides a strong backing for Spake’s claim about the obesity debate. Although not officially categorized as a disease, some organizations in society already list obesity as a disease. Spake chooses to include examples of situations in society where obesity may already encompass similar characteristics to a disease. The diseases that result from excessive amounts of weight embody a prominent situation described by the author. â€Å"Almost 80 percent of obese adults have one of these conditions, and nearly 40 percent have two or more,† Spake suggests when referring to diseases, such as heart disease, Type II diabetes, and high cholesterol that relate to the presence of obesity. Another example the author mentions confirms that, â€Å"The WHO has listed obesity as a disease in its International Classification of Disease since 1979.† Spake raises concern as to why obesity still remains uncategorized as an official disease when large quantities of overweight individuals contract other diseases due to the affliction of obesity and when a substantial organization already includes obesity in a database of diseases. Another statistic included in the discussion reads â€Å"About 325,000 deaths a year are attributed to obesity† (283). This shocking statistic sparks the question of why obesity lacks the definition of a disease even further. However, the author strays from her claim when insurance problems come into the article. Bringing the topic of insurance into the discussion provides no backing for any of the author’s claim. Spake chose to incorporate that â€Å"The health insurance industry argues that obesity treatments  can’t be covered†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (287). The claim refers to whether obesity classifies as a disease, not the effect of insurance coverage on those affected by obesity. Also, the author included that â€Å"the cost†¦of treatment and health insurance will escalate† (288). The price tag of treatment and rising insurance costs gives no support to the debate of obesity classifying as a disease that Spake claims as the purpose of the article. The inclusion of the insurance debacle distracts from the key issues the article puts forth, leaving readers to question the main idea of the article. In summation, Spake successfully supports the claim by incorporating a narrative account, explaining the biology, psychology, and scientific research of obesity, and stating how society may already classify obesity as a disease, but Spake strays from the claim when she describes the role of insurance companies in paying for obesity treatment. Works Cited Spake, Amanda. â€Å"Rethinking Weight.† Writing and Reading for ACP Composition. Comp. Thomas E. Leahey and Christine R. Farris. New York: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2009. 285-88. Print.

Imagery in Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil :: Midnight Garden Good Evil

Imagery in Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil One of the most stunningly powerful features of John Berendt's Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil is the vivid imagery used hroughout the book. Berendt has a way of making everything he writes about come to life. The reader doesn't merely read about Savannah, he lives it. The characters that are represented in the book come to life as the book progresses. Their actions take form before the audience's eyes. The characters are not, however, the only things brought to life by Berendt's vivid style. Savannah itself becomes real to the reader. The detailed settings make the city more than just a background for the story. It is an integral part of the tale. All of these aspects come together to make Midnight less of a book and more of an experience. The story relayed by Berendt in Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil is filled to the brim with interesting characters. What makes them even more interesting to the reader is the knowledge that they are, at least for the most part, actually real-life characters. His descriptions of these people and their characteristics are so detailed that after reading only two or three pages about someone, the reader begins to feel as if she knows the person. The vivid descriptions are extremely detailed. "She had both hands on her hips and a sassy half-smile on her face as if she had been waiting for me" (Berendt 96). This is just a small portion of Berendt's opening description of Chablis, the drag queen of the book. Berendt also brings these people to life through their behaviors. A perfect example of this method is the character of Danny Hansford. The descriptions of Danny's behavior are so vivid that it is hard to think of him as a character in a book. Everything from Danny's walk to his v iolent fits of rage are represented with great detail. The imagery associated with Savannah itself is nothing short of astounding. The squares that populate Savannah, the houses in the area, and even the town cemetery are presented with wonderful detail. At one point Berendt speaks of James Oglethorpe, the founder of Georgia, and the fact that Oglethorpe had the squares planned before he had set sail from England. The layout was to be "based on the design of a Roman military encampment. Imagery in Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil :: Midnight Garden Good Evil Imagery in Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil One of the most stunningly powerful features of John Berendt's Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil is the vivid imagery used hroughout the book. Berendt has a way of making everything he writes about come to life. The reader doesn't merely read about Savannah, he lives it. The characters that are represented in the book come to life as the book progresses. Their actions take form before the audience's eyes. The characters are not, however, the only things brought to life by Berendt's vivid style. Savannah itself becomes real to the reader. The detailed settings make the city more than just a background for the story. It is an integral part of the tale. All of these aspects come together to make Midnight less of a book and more of an experience. The story relayed by Berendt in Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil is filled to the brim with interesting characters. What makes them even more interesting to the reader is the knowledge that they are, at least for the most part, actually real-life characters. His descriptions of these people and their characteristics are so detailed that after reading only two or three pages about someone, the reader begins to feel as if she knows the person. The vivid descriptions are extremely detailed. "She had both hands on her hips and a sassy half-smile on her face as if she had been waiting for me" (Berendt 96). This is just a small portion of Berendt's opening description of Chablis, the drag queen of the book. Berendt also brings these people to life through their behaviors. A perfect example of this method is the character of Danny Hansford. The descriptions of Danny's behavior are so vivid that it is hard to think of him as a character in a book. Everything from Danny's walk to his v iolent fits of rage are represented with great detail. The imagery associated with Savannah itself is nothing short of astounding. The squares that populate Savannah, the houses in the area, and even the town cemetery are presented with wonderful detail. At one point Berendt speaks of James Oglethorpe, the founder of Georgia, and the fact that Oglethorpe had the squares planned before he had set sail from England. The layout was to be "based on the design of a Roman military encampment.

How It Alters the Teen’s Future

Teen pregnancy is a thing that ultimately alters a teens future forever with negative side effects, In the United States, 2. 800 teenagers become pregnant each day. When I graduated in 201 1; out of al the girls I graduated with 10 of those girls have had babies. one of them Just had her second baby this year. think more needs to be done to make girls realize that it affects their future, their children's, the baby's tamer. and other tamily members. I couldn't Imagine having a baby at this age. My cousin became a teen mom at the age of 19 with her long time boyfriend.But, I see the struggle they have to make money to pay the bills. He works two jobs to support her and their child because child care Is so expensive. They don't regret having their son, but they regret dropping out of college. Teen pregnancy Is the leading reason teen girls drop out of school. More than half of teen mothers never graduate. of them earn a college degree by the time their 30. About d quarter of them have d second child within two years of their first. Teenage girls in relationships with older boys are more likely to become pregnant, han a teenage girl In a relationship with a boy her own age.Poverty Is associated with increased rates of teen pregnancy. 80 % of teen mothers have to go on welfare at some point due to less than one third of teen mothers receive no child support. Girls whose mother or older sister gave birth as d teen are more likely to get pregnant themselves. Teenage parents who can rely on family and community support, social services and child care are more likely to continue with their education and get a higher paying job as they progress with their education. In the united States alone 820. 00 teens become pregnant each year.Birth rate in the United States is the highest in the developed world and teen abortion rate Is also higi-n In 2006, the united States teen rate rose for the first time in fourteen years. Canada also trended towards a steady decline for both 15- 17 and older 18 – 19 teens in the period of 1992 – 2002. Majority of teenage mothers are not married to the tatner ot their children. Babies born to teenagers are at risk for neglect and abuse because their young mothers ere uncertain about their roles and may be frustrated by the constant emand of care taking.Children of teen mothers are more likely to be born prematurely with low birth weight. They're at a higher risk tor intellectual, language, socio – emotional, development disabilities and behavioural issues are increased. Children of teen mothers have a 31 % incidence of depression and a 25% risk of parenthood as a teen. Mothers are less likely to stimulate their infant through affectionate behaviours such as touch, smile, smiling and verbal communication or to be sensltlve and accepting their needs.Teen parents don't have the Intellectual or erformance in children of teenage mother also been noted with many of them being more likely to fail to graduat e high school, be held back a grade level or score low on standardised test. As a son born, to a young woman in her teens is three times more likely to spend time in prison. Only 20% of teen fathers marry the mother of their child, many teen mothers continue to live at home with their parents. Teen fathers may continue a relationship with the babys mother but its common the relationship to end and when it does many fathers don't have much interaction with their children.Teen dads are less likely to earn a high school diploma; the failure to graduate can be due to finical pressure resulting form having a baby to take care of. Despite the stereotype, there is increasing evidence that teen fathers want to be (and are) involved with their children, though this involvement may not always include financial support. Young fathers are more likely to have economic and employment challenges and are more often economically disadvantaged than adult fathers. A large percentage of fathers involve d in teen pregnancies are 20 years or older.Teen pregnancy and motherhood can influence younger siblings. One study found that younger sisters of teen mothers were less likely to emphasise the importance of education and employment. Younger brothers too, were found to be more tolerant of non- martial and early births in addition to being more susceptible to high risk behaviours. Many programs available for teen moms are based on income. If the teen mom's parents earn above the minimum income, the teen may be denied services which leaves the burden of the costs on the parents.Teen pregnancy has a negative affect on their children, the teen mothers, and teen fathers. More needs to be done to prevent teen pregnancy more education and guidance from parents. Also, more needs to be done to help teens who become pregnant and the teen fathers. I don't think theirs enough done for teen dads. With more support groups, financial help, helping with them (teen moms and fathers) graduating and ge tting their diploma. They shouldn't be shamed because they become pregnant at a young age, they should get the opportunity to graduate and have a better life for them and their child.

Improving Student Outcomes And Provide Education Across Malaysia Education Essay

The end of the Education National Key Results Area ( NKRA ) is to better pupil results and provide quality instruction for all pupils across Malaysia. By looking globally at the best acting schools, four indispensable countries have been identified. They are: the demand to guarantee every kid succeeds ; the demand to keep schools accountable for alterations in pupil results ; the demand to put in great leaders for every school ; and the demand to pull and develop top instructors. Research confirms that a assortment of inducements for the assorted phases of instructors ‘ callings should be in topographic point. A World Bank rating corroborates the value of inducements towards bettering instructor quality ( Vegas & A ; Umansky 2005 ) . There are assorted types of instructor inducements including fiscal, working conditions and instructional support ( Kemmerer, 2007 ) . Fiscal inducements include pecuniary, in-kind support, benefits and fillips. Instructional Support, on the other manus, includes points such as proviso of back uping stuffs, ongoing professional development and calling chances. Finally, inducements related to working conditions consist of things such as category wellness and safety conditions and proviso of equal interruptions. Teachers by and large do non come in the profession for fiscal benefits so inducements must non merely expression at fiscal compensation but other countries that motivate and inspire good pattern. These wagess can include satisfaction from high pupil accomplishment, acknowledgment, influence, larning new accomplishments, and personal growing ( Tomlinson, 2000 ; Odden 2000b ) . School staff should hold the chance for a calling way where excellence is rewarded with a assortment of inducements that tap into both their intrinsic and extrinsic motive. Merely a few states have formalized a robust systems of performance-related wage in any sector ( Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2006 ) and even fewer in the instruction sector. Tucker and Sclaifani ( 2006 ) indicate that in order for public presentation related wage to be effectual three thoughts must come into drama. First, we must be able to mensurate the end product linked to the public presentation whether at the person or squad degree. Second, the end products from persons or squads must better the overall organizational end products. Last, that the wages can be delivered in a mode that takes advantage of its likely incentive value for prospective receivers. Many inquiry if it is possible, in administrations such as schools, which are extremely complex to develop just rating systems linked to public presentation wage. Other concerns are that coaction among instructors will endure and that incentives linked to capable countries or exam consequences will contract the course of study ( Tucker and Sclaifani, 2006 ) . There are a assortment of different public presentation theoretical accounts. Fiscal wagess given based on pupil public presentation and lesson observations is called merit-pay ( McCollum, 2001 ) . Odden ( 2000 ) describes cognition and skill-based compensation as increased wage given to those who receive extra makings which is assumed to better instructors ‘ abilities. School-based compensation, involves group-based fiscal wagess normally based on pupil public presentation ( Odden and Kelley, 2002 ) . A set of criterions for teacher public presentation and measuring tools is cardinal to being able to reasonably reward staff for their public presentation. Merit wage given to instructors separately has proved to be unpopular in schools making competition and extinguishing the indispensable squad work and coaction needed to construct excellence in school ( Odden, 2000 ) . Incentive payments to full staff in schools have many times produced improved pupil accomplishment. This is most likely because of the demand to work together, back up new or weaker instructors and to promote instructors who do non better to travel to a different profession. Odden ( 2000 ) besides believes the sum of the fillip is of import and recommends 5-8 % of one-year wage as a wages for making marks. Figure 1 from Woessman ( 2010 ) below shows the consequences of a survey of assorted states demoing in general where wage for public presentation has been implemented reading, authorship, and math tonss have by an d large been higher. Merit-pay theoretical accounts were criticised for unfavorably altering coaction between instructors. Performance-based wages systems, research now argues, can increase collegiality by honoring co- operation between instructors ( Solomon and Podgursky, 2001 ; Cohn, 1996 ) , through group-based wage wagess ( Mohrman, Mohrman, and Odden, 1996 ; McCollum, 2001 ) . Several oppositions of performance-based wagess postulate there is grounds of better/more collegiality when group public presentation wagess are used ( See, for illustration, Firestone and Pennell, 1993 ) . Many studies conclude that intrinsic wagess are really of import to instructors ( Firestone and Pennell, 1993 ) . Firestone and Pennell ( 1993 ) argue that rating can sabotage the intrinsic wagess for instructors, as the â€Å" feedback in the signifier of public presentation rating undermines intrinsic motive, even when the rating is positive † ( accent in original ) nevertheless a significant organic structure of literature argues performance-based wages systems are an betterment on the efficiency of salary graduated tables Odden and Kelly ‘s research confirms that wage for public presentation strategies and other inducements for instructors and principals can hold positive effects on pupil accomplishment. These methods are most effectual when they are accompanied by professional development plans, the support of school leading, accurate and dependable coverage of pupil accomplishment, and strong feedback mechanisms.5 Odden and many others argue that the single-salary agenda can non take instruction to the degrees of productiveness presently needed. Lazear ‘s analysis of the effectivity of output-based wage suggests that performance-based mechanisms can be effectual if they are carefully designed and tied to allow metrics.40 Many of the earlier programmes tended to concentrate on single public presentation, in peculiar virtue wage ( Richardson, 1999 ) , with recent arguments more likely to see group-based wages programmes, or cognition and accomplishment based wagess ( Odden, 2000a ; Odden and Kelley, 2002 ) . A 2004 OECD study on teacher quality found that the job of instructor deficits is permeant throughout OECD states and that the deficiency of quality instructors is holding a negative impact on pupil larning. Across-the-board salary accommodations, targeted inducements and alternate employment steps are typical attacks that most states adopt to relieve instructor deficits, but that policies must turn to other critical facets such as â€Å" working conditions, professionalism, flexibleness, occupation security, instruction demands and occupation satisfaction from working with pupils. Must be replaced with a system that connects parts to compensation in meaningful ways and that could be embraced by employers and instructors likewise Two-thirdss of OECD states have implemented performance-related salary systems in their public sectors, but few have used them in instruction. It is still true that few states have formalized a robust system of performance-related wage in any sector. When be aftering for an inducement plan the undermentioned chart is helpful to see effects both desirable and unwanted.IncentivesIntentional or Unintentional designDesired ImpactUndesired impactFor illustration:IncentivesIntentional designJob security linked to prove tonssDesired ImpactImproved instruction and better acquisitionUndesired impactTeaching to the trial ; dropping of low acting pupilsIncentivesUnintentional designStrong brotherhoods make it hard to fire instructorsDesired ImpactGood instructors feel more confident and secure in their occupations and hence Teach wellUndesired impactBad instructors can remain indefinitelyMost of the inducements researched have been negotiated and employed without programs for strict rating. The bulk of articles cited in international documents are studies instead than ratings that attempt to link results to the performance-related system in topographic point.Current Incentives in the Malayan Education SystemAction Research Projects: some en terprises have been conducted in this country throughout the state, but the enterprises are non monitored consistently, so findings are non reported efficiently.A Advanced surveies: There are three manners for instructors and principals to prosecute in advanced surveies: 1 ) A they receive full wage, with no scholarships ( to cover tuition etc, they will hold to pay on their ain ) 2 ) A they receive half wage, with scholarship given to cover tuition etc 3 ) A if they receive direct scholarship offers from any organisation/institution, they will hold to inquire permission from the relevant Ministry of Education section for blessing. These are decided on a individual footing Scholarships are merely for public universities in Malaya Ministry of Education has a distant acquisition degree plan from the local universities for the instructors and Head Teachers of the rural primary schools. Three organic structures sponsor these ; the public service section, the instructor instruction division and sometimes-individual MOE establishments like the School Leadership Institute Teachers in rural or interior schools receive a pecuniary inducement runing from RM700-RM1500 on top of their wage and life or lodging allowances. Resettlement allowances: Teachers receive an allowance when they receive a transportation from one school to another, from one to town to another or from one province to another province. Travel agreements are besides provided to the instructors and their households to travel to their new topographic point of work. An agent appointed by the MOE to direct them over to their new topographic point of work will manage their properties. All civil retainers besides enjoy free medical intervention from the govt. infirmaries they besides can use for loans to purchase a computing machine, a auto and even a house. The Government Transformation Programme ( GTP ) Roadmap states that HPS will have inducements, which include an one-year allotment of RM700, 000 per school, every bit good as RM1, 000 and RM700 for school caputs, instructors and non-academic staff in secondary and primary schools, severally. The schools besides enjoy greater liberty in decision-making and let high-achieving pupils to progress faster through the system. National, State and District Awards Many awards are available for instructorKhazanah Incentives for School StaffIncentiveResearch SummaryDesired/UndesiredRating for Trust School InitiativeFinancial ( comprises of Monetary, In sort, Benefits and Bonuses ) MonetaryNew instructor get downing fillipName: Secondary Deficit Capable Scheme Description: Up to ?5000 paid to persons in last twelvemonth of survey to fall in the instruction force after graduation Dates:1985 to show. State: UK, Wales Effective at pulling but non retaining new instructors Name: Golden Hello Description: ?2500-5000 for come ining and successfully finishing the initiation stage in secondary topics Dates: 2002 to show State: United kingdom Evaluation: Effective at pulling but non retaining new instructors Desired: Qualified campaigners are available to learn in schools Undesired: Peoples are attracted merely for fiscal intents but so go forth the calling one time other higher paid options are availableSalary graduated tablesDescription: Higher compensation in the early old ages in order to promote instructors to come in the field Dates: varies States: Australia, Denmark, England, Finland, Description: Higher salary additions mid-career instructors to retain them Dates: varies States ; Austria, Japan, and Portugal Description: Wagess experienced instructors with largest additions Dates: variesStates: Greece, Hungary, and New ZealandName: n/aDescription: Across the board wage rises promote the best people to remain Dates: 1990 State: Chile Evaluation: a World Bank study notes that instructors ‘ experience has non been found to be an of import forecaster of pupil accomplishment in the major empirical surveies ( World Bank 1997, 97 ) Desired: Teachers feel valued and execute good Undesired: Good instructors leave the profession due to fiscal groundsProject engagement wageName: Accelerated Teaching Program ( Unicef ) Description-all instructor receive fillip inducement each three months Dates: 1998-2007 State: Liberia Evaluation: This plan has issues with payments to instructors but otherwise was judged to better buy-in and results for pupils Desired: Teachers feel valued and ‘buy in ‘ to new enterprises Undesired: Teachers feel overwhelmed with the alteration procedure and leave stationsExtra allowance for distant locations/low acting schools ( hardship allowance )Description: Teachers receive salary addendums to learn in deficit or rural countries Purpose: Ensure instructors are available for all kids State: Canada/Chile/Ireland/Australia/Malaysia Desired: Qualified campaigners are willing to learn in hard areas/circumstancesUndesired:Materials AllowanceDescription: Materials allowances given to all schools at start of reform undertaking to purchase resources that enhance the acquisition environment Purpose: To advance bargain in to project and heighten instruction and acquisition environment Dates:2006-present State: UAE Evaluation: Effective in making a learning civilization Desired: Schools feel empowered and have the tools they need to better their schools Undesired: Schools spend money on resources that do non better pupil outcomes e.g. ornamentsTravel AllowanceDescription: Teachers given train base on ballss to acquire to workPurpose: Part of the benefitsDates: ongoingState: Japan Canada, Australia, Europe- Moving costs to initial occupation arrangement for most arrangements in rural countries or challenging schools Desired: Teachers are more willing to work in locations farther from place base ensuing in a supply of instructors available Undesired: Teachers take allowance but have high degrees of absence In Kind SupportAwardsName: NationalTeachingExcellenceAward Descriptionprovidesawardsfor50teachersthatwerenominatedattheschoollevelandmadeitthroughthenationalqualificationstothe rewardlevel Name: School based Award Description: Awards at the school degree with discretional financess made available by the authorities Purpose: To honor first-class instructorsDates:State: Denmark, Netherlands Desired: Recognition of Good work leads to more good work and sharing of good pattern Undesired: Some co-workers feel covetous or angry and do lessFree or subsidised lodgingDescription: free adjustments in its distant countries Purpose: To promote staff to populate in distant countriesDates:State: Danmark Desired: Qualified campaigners are willing to learn in distant countries Undesired: Poor quality instructors are attracted to schools that need the most supportFree or subsidized nutrientDescription: Free or subsidized nutrient to staff State: European states Desired: Qualified campaigners are willing to learn in distant countries Undesired: Poor quality instructors are attracted to schools that need the most supportPlots of landDescription: Plots of land given to staff Purpose: Encouragement to make a place base in rural countriesDates:State: Africa Desired: Qualified campaigners are willing to learn in distant countries Undesired: Poor quality instructors are attracted to schools that need the most supportLow involvement loansDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: Demark, Greece-Preferential rates for mortgages at the discretion of the local school governments Desired: Teachers feel more financially unafraid and there are more able to concentrate on be aftering first-class lessons Undesired: Teachers take loans but there is no betterment in learningScholarships for ain kidsDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: Worldwide: Most international schools provide free topographic points for staff kids Desired: Teachers who bring their ain kids to a school want the best for their kid and work harder Undesired: Teachers kids get particular interventionFree points: e.g. books, laptops etcDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: Denmark-teachers who agree to learn in distant countries are eligible a place personal computing machine, and entree to wholesale shoppingDesired:Undesired:Benefits PaidDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: Australia- to remain in distant countries, excess one-year leave of 5-8 yearssDesired:Undesired:Unpaid leaveDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: Canada-allows instructors to take unpaid leave for household events, holidaies etcDesired:Undesired:SabbaticalDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: Australia-all caputs eligible for sabbatical every 5 old ages. Paid at 80 % for 4 old ages to enable this at no costDesired:Undesired:Recognition towards a publicity Description: Recognition towards a hereafter publicity for learning in disputing or distant countriesPurpose:Dates:State: Korea, ChinaDesired:UndesiredSick leaveDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Pregnancy LeaveDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Health insuranceDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: Europe-countries include wellness benefits over and above the usual societal services accorded to all citizensDesired:Undesired:PensionDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Additional Paid Work Description: teachersarepaid $ 20.00perdayforeach studentteacherundertheirdirectionbi-weekly.Dates:State: Nanavut CanadaDesired:Undesired:Life insuranceDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:CrecheDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:BonussWhole school public presentation based wage linked to exam consequences or KPI marksName: NationalPerformanceEvaluationSystem Description: Schools are grouped by social-economic conditions, and so the top 25 per centum within each group are rewarded for their public presentationPurpose:Dates:State: Chile Evaluation: Increased the tonss in the province test by between four and 18 points ; effects were greater among those schools with more favorable external conditions. Date: c2004 State: Israel Evaluation: ledtoimprovedteachingmethods, increasedafter-schooltutoring, andbetterresponsivenesstostudents'needsonthepartofteachers ProfessionalCompensationSystemforTeachers 1999-2003 Denver, USA Evaluation: Evidencefromthepilotprogramstronglysuggestedthatthepayforperformanceprogramwas a † catalystforchangethatbenefitsallstudentsandteachers. † 34 Studenttestscores weresignificantlyhigherforelementaryandmiddleschoolstudentsinclassroomswithteachers whohadbeeninthepilotfortwoormoreyears Desired: Schools pull together as a whole squad to better pupil results Desired: Student Accomplishment additions Undesired: Teachers teach to the trial, ignore low executing pupils or darnel to demo advancement Undesired: Freerider'problem ; someteacherswhoarenotcontributingtotheoutcomesofstudentsarerewardedbecauseof others'action Undesired: Could honor â€Å" wealth † instead than public presentation, disproportionately honoring instructors at high-performing schools chiefly for the natural stuffs they are handed – i.e. , better pupils. Undesired: Teachers focus on certain topics to the disregard of other topics.Individual public presentation based wageName: Teacher Excellence Incentive Description: $ 200 million fund, for one-year fillips of up to $ 2,500 to honor â€Å" effectual † schoolroom instructors employed by territories that agreed to fit the province moneyPurpose:Dates:State: Texas, USA Description: Pay based on run intoing instructor criterions Dates: 2003-present State: Suomi Name ; Description: Excess wage for instructors who increased GSCE consequences Dates: State: United kingdom Evaluation: foundthatthestudentsscoredonaveragehalfaGCSEpointmorethanequivalentpupilstaught Bythesameteachersbeforethesystemwasputinplace.Description:Purpose:Dates:State: Colorado, USA Evidence strongly suggests that the wage for public presentation plan was a â€Å" accelerator for alteration that benefits all pupils and instructors.Description:Purpose:Dates:State: Israel-study found that wage for public presentation enterprises had a positive impact on pupil accomplishment -led to improved instruction methods, increased after-school tutoring, and better reactivity to pupils ‘ demands. Desired: persons who are making outstanding work are recognised Undesired: Promotes competition non coaction among instructorsBonus wage for excess activitiesDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: USA- extra wage stipends for duty for an activity after school, such as yearbook or athleticss but the supervising of pupils between categoriesDesired:Undesired:No absence BonusDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: India-ThePublicReport onBasicEducation ( PROBE ) convincinglyshowedthatone-thirdofthehead teacherswereabsent in India on a given twenty-four hoursAfrica-Desired:Undesired:Physical EnvironmentDescription: Improvement inthe physical installationsPurpose:Dates:State: India-was a factor that influenced motivationlevels. Cleanliness, conveyance, furniture, imbibing H2O and lavatories ( for adult females instructors ) – the list was reasonably longDesired:Undesired:Grants for schoolroom or school undertakingDescription:Purpose:Dates:State: UK-ASTA can use for a grant to better a specific facet of a schoolDesired:Undesired:Bonus for rural schoolsDescrip tion:Purpose:Dates:State: Australia-Desired:Undesired:Instructional Support Ongoing Professional DevelopmentPayment towards a QualificationName: ProComp Description: Evaluates and compensate instructors based on a figure of factors, including grades and professional development units obtainedPurpose:Dates:State: :Denver, USA Evaluation: At least 100 surveies in the past decennary have documented that extremely skilled, extremely effectual instructors help pupils larn moreDesired:Undesired:In service Training CoursesName: Teacher Empowerment -a plan sponsored by the United Nations Children s Fund ( UNICEF ) . Description: better the school environment by tapping into school-level resources, administrative support and to hike instructors ‘ morale, self-esteem that, in bend, boosts pupil registration and attending.Purpose:Dates:State: IndiaName: Joyful Learning Description: involves child-centred activities and promotes active acquisition patterns by actuating kids and instructors to wish acquisition, and instructors to follow active acquisition activities in the schoolroom.Desired:Undesired:Accredited CPDDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Time off for University classsDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Coaching and Mentoring supportDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Book ClubsDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Career DevelopmentPromotionDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Excellent teachers/Lead instructorsName: Advanced Skills Teacher/SpecialistClassroomTeacherfor SecondarySchools Description: Promotion without go forthing the school for an disposal station. Teachers spend 20 % of clip assisting instructors in other schools /NZ $ 6,500supplement Purpose: To maintain first-class instructors in schools ; portion good patternDates: / 2006 pilotState: UK/New ZealandName: Pedagogical Excellence Award Description: Award granted after requires base on balls in a written appraisal of pedagogical and content cognition and entry a portfolio. Purpose: To honor first-class instructorsDates: 2002 to showState: ChileDesired:Undesired:MaterialsGuide books for instructional intentsDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Textbooks and other stuffsDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:ResourcesDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Desired:Undesired:Working ConditionssClass SizeDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Planing TimeDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Health and safetyDescription:Purpose: high absenteeism is traced to hapless motive and working conditions )Dates:State:ComfortDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Praise/RecognitionDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Teaching aides/assistantsDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Adequate interruptionsDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Administration SupportDescription:Purpose:Dates:State:Khazanah Incentives for School Staff: A Proposal of Bespoke OptionsThe plan provides increases in compensation based on increased cognition and accomplishments, professional rating, willingness to ma ke full hard-to-staff places or learn in hard-to-serve schools, and making specified pupil growing aims, including public presentation on the province tests, and other inducements related to school- broad distinguished public presentation. Tiing additions in teacher compensation to student achievement appears to supply inducements To instructors to look actively for ways to better their public presentation that might hold been available before the inducements were offered, and that their involvement in actively taking advantage of such op- chances increases. Evaluation These methods are most effectual when they are accompanied by professional development plans, the support of school leading, accurate and dependable coverage of pupil accomplishment, and strong feedback mechanisms.3 A list of proposals suited for Trust schools can be found below. There is a assortment of options included with each so that costs can be reduced or increased as needed by Khazanah to guarantee maximal impact. Incentives should be discussed in focal point groups with selected school staff in both rural and non-rural schools to guarantee school staff voice has been heard with relation to inducements. Start up- research shows change direction requires motive Whole School Based-research shows whole school based inducements create coaction and concerted acquisition Lateral Awards-evidence show competition between schools is healthy Individual Rewards-each individual is motivated otherwise. Some people who have gone beyond the call of responsibility deserve to be recognised and rewarded. Equally long as competition is non within a school, there should be no negative impact Abstraction: Teachers at the start of the undertaking need motivation and incentive to ‘buy-in ‘ to a new manner of working which necessarily will be harder and take more clip and attempt but should ensue in greater occupation satisfaction and better consequences for kids in the long tally. In order to get down to inquire instructors to prosecute the followers options are suggested: Phase: Undertaking Start-up Name: Khazanah School Tool Kit Targeted at: Whole school staff Consequences in: occupation satisfaction ; pride ; buy-in Detailss: A branded ‘tool box ‘ given to each new Trust school staff member complied with basic equipment ( stage or occupation specific ) and personalised to the school/subject demands For illustration, art stuffs, pens, whiteboard markers, spines, documents†¦ could include laptops and other points to better engineering Forms to bespeak for immediate support from a Khazanah Emergency Fund for little points with set bounds per point and per school ( e.g. up to 100 ringgit per point and up to 1000 ringgit per term ) that will impact instantly Khazanah Teacher Portfolio-a branded portfolio designed for instructors and caput instructors to maintain their grounds base in an orderly manner in order to consequence some of the alterations to learning and larning that are required Materials: Welcome missive, Khazanah branded items- e.g. chapeau, notepad, write ( All staff ) Principals above plus laptop ; Teachers besides kit for the category with markers, pens, spines, art stuffs ; ( to document grounds ) Schools-digital camera to document grounds x 3 ; Approximate cost: Laptops x 10 ; Cameras x30 ;Evaluation:Phase: Start -up Name: Khazanah School Environment Grant Targeted at: Whole schoolConsequences in: better larning environments ;Detailss:Materials: Cash ; Guidance brochureApproximate cost:Evaluation:Abstraction: Teachers in trust schools will be encouraged to work at a degree above the current Ministry criterions. In order to actuate instructors to travel frontward and to give acknowledgment an Award will be bestowed on those teachers/head instructors who meet the Trust school criterions. All teachers/head instructors should take for this award about all instructors should have this award in due class Phase: Ongoing Name: Khazanah Teacher, Master Teacher Awards ; Principal/Master Principal Awards Targeted at: All learning staff Consequences in: Recognition, pride, a valuable making, Detailss: Extra elements added to Performance Standards to draw a bead on towards being a Khazanah teacher/master teacher/Principal or Maestro Principal Document brochure will be provided with full inside informations of application procedure with signifiers and illustration Annual Regional Khazanah Award ceremonial where awards are bestowed Each teacher/principal who meets the criterions receives a certification and pin to be worn at school A pick of wages includes: For Teachers: Two-day external Professional Development class Write up in the Khazanah Trust newssheet A transcript of a book on Best Practices in learning Cash wages For Master instructors: Laptop Payment towards a Masters Unit Attendance at a Regional conference Speaker at Khazanah Leadership conference For Principal: Laptop Malaysia Study visit to Best Practice schools in state ( one hebdomad ) Payment towards Masters Unit Attendance at a Regional conference For Master Principals Option of paid sabbatical after 7 old ages International Study visit ( one hebdomad ) Payment towards two units of a Masters/PhD Speaker at Khazanah Principal ‘s conference Materials: Detailed manual including application signifiers ; pins, CPDApproximate cost:Evaluation:Phase:Name: Khazanah Excellent Practice Research ScholarshipsTargeted atConsequences in: Local cognition, acknowledgment, new accomplishments Detailss: Teacher links with a local university -contacts would necessitate to be negotiated with Khazanah /Nord Anglia University provides basic information on research in this country Cover may be needed for instructors categories Teacher implements or observes a alteration in schoolroom with support from university Forms, preparation and processs will be created to back up this procedure Research to be published on Khazanah Trust schools Portal or newssheets Small grants possibly available up to 1000 ringgit for instructors research demands The Research Office reviews all proposals for eligibility. Those petitions that qualify are given to the Research Council for competitory reappraisal and rating. The Research Council will supply a prioritized list of recommendations for support to the Vice President for Research, based on the quality of the proposals as reflected in the reappraisal standard. The Vice President for Research will do award determinations based on recommendations and available financess. The Research Office reviews all proposals for eligibility. Those petitions that qualify are given to the Research Council for competitory reappraisal and rating. The Research Council will supply a prioritized list of recommendations for support to the Vice President for Research, based on the quality of the proposals as reflected in the reappraisal standard. The Vice President for Research will do award determinations based on recommendations and available financess. Fundss from the General Research Fund ( GRF ) are awarded to faculty for research that is non otherwise supported by organized or directed plans. The purpose of the GRF is to enable module to transport out scholarly, originative work that should take to the chase of other support beginnings, or advance the development of scholarly activities. Undertakings funded through the GRF could include: pilot research, exigency support, emerging research chances, new research field or new research field for research worker, developing research research labs, or centrally-shared research resources. Materials: Support for university grants ; hard currency Approximate cost: 20,000 $ USEvaluation:Abstraction: Cover is an issue uncovered during the baselining procedure. In other states, we have found similar issues. Making a system that rewards instructors for screen could incentivise instructors to take categories.Phase:Name: Khazanah Cover Teacher Points SystemTargeted atConsequences in: safe and unafraid environment for pupilsDetailss: A screen timetable is produced for each school Teacher receive points for each screen lesson done Documents and processs will be provided for this procedure At terminal of month or terminal of term instructors choose from the list below based on points Ten cover lessons: Flash thrust and educational book 20 cover lessons: Voucher to purchase supplies 30 cover lessons: Sponsorship to travel to a Conference Materials: flash thrusts ; books ; verifiers ; conference feesApproximate cost:Evaluation:Khazanah Academic Targets AwardCreates: whole school buy-in, teamwork, improved consequencesEach school receives specific annually marks based on informations from baselining visits Schools have progress meetings with Cluster Managers each one-fourth to discourse betterments towards marks Schools that meet marks receive: Schools that meet over 60 % of marks: Grant for 5000 ringgit towards one of the undermentioned enterprises: school library, ICT integrating, betterment of school environment or another justifiable enterprise in the school Schools that meet over 80 % of marks: Grant for 10000 ringgit towards one of the undermentioned enterprises: school library, ICT integrating, betterment of school environment or another justifiable enterprise in the school Schools that meet all marks: Grant for 25000 ringgit towards one of the undermentioned enterprises: school library, ICT integrating, betterment of school environment or another justifiable enterprise in the school In add-on: all staff receive certifications, school trophy, award ceremonial ; acknowledgment in Khazanah newssheets etc.Khazanah Education ConferenceCreates: Professional dutyEach school is to lend to the presentations by electing a staff member to run a workshop demoing good pattern from their school Each Principal presents a journey through the alterations in their ain school Conference inside informations to be planned and organized by Nord Anglia ( e.g. Heartss and heads ) International talker Travel costs to conference Besides leading conference for School PrincipalsKhazanah School Grant AwardsCreates: enterprise to better countries of the schoolEach school may use for up to 2 grants per academic twelvemonth Grants will be to a maximal sum Booklet and application processs and procedure, rating to be provided Grants can be for any enterprise that is likely to better pupil accomplishment and/or wellbeing Every school has the chance of being selected to have a grant Lateral Awards-Across Trust school inducements Abstraction: A scope of awards to advance competition and inducement across the trust schools is needed. For each proposal accepted a Booklet will be designed with the standards, application procedure and grounds base needed. Most Improved school Most Improved instructor Best Leader Award Khazanah Most Improved Trust School Award Best Community Involvement Best Parental Support plans Most supportive school -supporting others within the TrustAdvanced Khazanah School AwardAbstraction: This is a extremely esteemed award given merely to schools that are outstanding and still go oning to better and a theoretical account for others. As the trust schools grow in figure in each twelvemonth, these schools will be used to see, portion good pattern and lead others. Pride and acknowledgment in the community and the Trust school group are the wages for this accomplishment. For Principals:Salary Scale AdjustmentsCreates: equity and equality in working conditions ; retaining of staffPrincipals wages reviewed in each school and exceed up wages provided bespoke to schools to guarantee that principal is on a higher graduated table than other staff ; in little schools, principals can make higher wage graduated tables and they are non limited to Ministry graduated tables